Fluorescent Carbon Dots as Cost-Effective and Facile Probes for Caffeic Acid Sensing via a Fluorescence Quenching Process

Caffeic acid (CA), a familiar color stabilizing reagent, has aroused general concern due to its uncontrolled addition, and thus the detection of CA is increasingly important. In our report, the bright carbon dots (CDs) were prepared via hydrothermal treatment with urea and citric acid act as raw material and their characteristics were discussed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and so on. Impressively, the strong emission of the as-prepared CDs (Quantum Yield: 24.3%) decreased sharply upon a full reaction with the added CA. Hence, we first present an improved strategy for determining CA based upon the quenching of the strong emission of CDs. In this strategy, 0.79–100.0 µmol L^??1 caffeic acid could be simply detected, and a detection limit of 0.24 µmol L^??1 was allowed. Additionally, CA in red wine samples can be successfully detected by this method and the exploration of the quenching mechanism of the CA-CDs system was done.     

A Rhodamine Derivative Based Chemosensor with High Selectivity and Quick Respond to Cr<Superscript>3+</Superscript> in Aqueous Solution

In this paper, a new kind of colorimetric chemsensor aiming at detecting Cr³⁺ has been synthesized, and it is based on the “Off-On” effect of a rhodamine derivative. Comparing with other metal irons (Na⁺, K⁺, Ni²⁺, Hg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²⁺, Co²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ag⁺, Fe²⁺, Ce³⁺), the chemsensor has a quick and accurate response to Cr³⁺ in H₂O-EtOH solution (4/1, v/v). There is an obvious change in color, from colorless to bright pink when Cr³⁺ is detected. According to the fitting curve based on Benesi-Hildebrand equation and working curve of absorption strength in UV-vis spectrum, the binding pattern of Cr³⁺ and the rhodamine derivative follows a 1:1 stoichiometry. The chemsensor shows great potential in monitoring Cr³⁺ in the aqueous medium with high efficiency, which is supposed to complete the recognition in the minimum as 5.2?×?10^?7 mol/L within 5 min.     

Photonic quantum network transmission assisted by the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity

Classical network coding permits all internal nodes to encode or decode the incoming messages over proper fields in order to complete a network multicast. Similar quantum encoding scheme cannot be easily followed because of various quantum no-go theorems. In this paper, to avoid these theorems in quantum multiple-source networks, we present a photonic strategy by exploring quantum transferring approaches assisted by the weak cross-Kerr nonlinearity. The internal node may nearly deterministically fuse all incoming photons into a single photon with multiple modes. The fused single photon may be transmitted using two- photonic hyperentanglement as a quantum resource. The quantum splitting as the inverse operation of the quantum fusion allows forwarding quantum states under the quantum no-cloning theorem. Furthermore, quantum addressing schemes are presented to complete the quantum transmissions on multiple-source networks going beyond the classical network broadcasts or quantum n-pair transmissions in terms of their reduced forms.     

Dynamic conductivity modified by impurity resonant states in doping three-dimensional Dirac semimetals

The impurity effect is studied in three-dimensional Dirac semimetals in the framework of a T-matrix method to consider the multiple scattering events of Dirac electrons off impurities. It has been found that a strong impurity potential can significantly restructure the energy dispersion and the density of states of Dirac electrons. An impurity-induced resonant state emerges and significantly modifies the pristine optical response. It is shown that the impurity state disturbs the common longitudinal optical conductivity by creating either an optical conductivity peak or double absorption jumps, depending on the relative position of the impurity band and the Fermi level. More importantly, these conductivity features appear in the forbidden region between the Drude and interband transition, completely or partially filling the Pauli block region of optical response. The underlying physics is that the appearance of resonance states as well as the broadening of the bands leads to a more complicated selection rule for the optical transitions, making it possible to excite new electron-hole pairs in the forbidden region. These features in optical conductivity provide valuable information to understand the impurity behaviors in 3D Dirac materials.     

Hetergeneous-nucleation synthesis of monodisperse ε-cobalt nanoparticles using palladium seeds

Monodisperse bimetallic Pd–Co nanoparticles were prepared via a thermal decomposition of cobalt carbonyl using palladium seeds at the Pd/Co molar ratios 0.5%, 1%, and 5%. The heterogeneously nucleated nanoparticles without any size-selective precipitation are sufficiently uniform to self-assemble into ordered arrays. The as-synthesized nanoparticles are each a single crystal with a complex cubic structure called ε-Co. The presence of Pd seeds seems to improve the stability of Co nanoparticles against oxidation based on the results from time-dependent magnetization measurement.     

两种电磁场谱间断元方法的比较

时域间断元方法是近年来电磁场计算领域的重要进展之一。将基函数的插值点和数值积分点重合的质量集中技术是降低该间断元方法质量矩阵存储开销和提高计算效率的重要手段。通过谐振腔、带通滤波器以及光子晶体内的电磁场等数值算例,在四边形网格上比较了传统的质量集中算法和近来提出的Weight-Adjust算法之间的差异。计算结果表明,尽管两种方法的存储量一样,但Weight-Adjust算法具有更高的精度。     

沉积态铀薄膜表面氧化的X射线光电子能谱

含铀(U)薄膜在激光惯性约束聚变的实验研究中有重要的用途.研究其在不同气氛下的氧化性能可以为微靶制备、储存及物理实验提供关键的实验数据.通过超高真空磁控溅射技术制备了纯U薄膜及金-铀(Au-U)复合平面膜,将其在大气、高纯氩(Ar)气及超高真空度环境中暴露一段时间后,利用X射线光电子能谱仪结合Ar~+束深度剖析技术考察U层中氧(O)元素分布及价态,分析氧化产物及机理.结果显示,初始状态的U薄膜中未检测到O的存在.Au-U复合薄膜中的微观缺陷减弱了Au防护层的屏蔽效果,使其在3周左右时间内严重氧化,产物为U表面致密的氧化膜及缺陷周围的点状腐蚀物,主要成分均为二氧化铀(UO_2).在高纯Ar气中纯U薄膜仅暴露6 h后表面即被严重氧化,生成厚度不均匀的UO_2.在超高真空度环境下保存12 h后,纯U薄膜表面也发生明显氧化,生成厚度不足1 nm的UO_2.Ar~+束对铀氧化物的刻蚀会因择优溅射效应而使UO_2被还原成非化学计量的UO_(2-x),但这种效应受O含量的影响.     

变形及电场作用对石墨烯电学特性影响的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,系统研究了变形、电场及共同作用对石墨烯电学特性影响的电子机理.研究表明,本征石墨烯的能隙及态密度值在费米能级处均为0,呈现出半金属特性;在一定的变形量下对石墨烯施加剪切、拉伸、扭转及弯曲变形作用,发现剪切和扭转变形对打开石墨烯能隙的作用明显;对本征石墨烯施加不同方向的电场,可知010电场方向对打开石墨烯能隙的作用效果最强.这是因为该电场方向下石墨烯C-C原子间的布居数正值较大,成键键能较高,而负值数值较小,反键键能较低;线性增加电场强度,石墨烯的能隙呈线性增长势;变形及电场共同作用下,外加电场提高了变形对打开石墨烯能隙的作用效果,但不及两种外场叠加的作用效果.     

激光辐照绝缘样品不同位置的沿面闪络性能

绝缘体沿面闪络是制约脉冲功率技术发展的瓶颈之一。为了能对沿面闪络机理有更深的认识,通过在沿面闪络过程中引入激光辐照的作用,考察了绝缘样品上不同的辐照位置对于沿面闪络性能的影响。实验结果表明:辐照位置越靠近闪络起始的地方,对沿面闪络性能的影响越大;在沿面闪络的过程中,不同的阶段如闪络起始阶段及电子倍增阶段在整个闪络过程中所起的作用不同。