Studies on controllability of directed networks with extremal optimization

Almost all natural, social and man-made-engineered systems can be represented by a complex network to describe their dynamic behaviors. To make a real-world complex network controllable with its desired topology, the study on network controllability has been one of the most critical and attractive subjects for both network and control communities. In this paper, based on a given directed–weighted network with both state and control nodes, a novel optimization tool with extremal dynamics to generate an optimal network topology with minimum control nodes and complete controllability under Kalman’s rank condition has been developed. The experimental results on a number of popular benchmark networks show the proposed tool is effective to identify the minimum control nodes which are sufficient to guide the whole network’s dynamics and provide the evolution of network topology during the optimization process. We also find the conclusion: “the sparse networks need more control nodes than the dense, and the homogeneous networks need fewer control nodes compared to the heterogeneous” (Liu et al., 2011  [18]), is also applicable to network complete controllability. These findings help us to understand the network dynamics and make a real-world network under the desired control. Moreover, compared with the relevant research results on structural controllability with minimum driver nodes, the proposed solution methodology may also be applied to other constrained network optimization problems beyond complete controllability with minimum control nodes.     

Half-Width Integral Method for Gas Concentration Measuring in Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT

We analyze the influence of random errors and absorption shape fitting errors on gas concentration measurement in tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. We then propose a new data processing method according to the characteristic of random errors and fitting absorption shape. This method only uses the integral value within the half width at half maximum of the fitting absorption shape to determine the gas concentration in actual measurements. Meanwhile, the O₂ transition at 13,150.197 cm^?1 is selected to measure the O₂ concentration using this method. Compared with the traditional method, the method established in this paper can accurately measure O₂ concentration.     

Accurate Measurement of a Small Defect in a Planar Waveguide

Abstract

A non-destructive test method of a small defect (a dust particle or an air bubble) in a strongly confined planar waveguide is demonstrated in this work. Based on strong resonances between the small defect and some special incident wavelengths, an accurate reconstruction of the defect parameters can quickly be obtained from our previous numerical method. An example is given to verify the validity of the present measurement method.     

On strictly separating vectors and reflexivity

It is shown that the set of strongly disjoint pairs of strictly separating vectors for an operator space is open, and an operator subspace having a strongly disjoint pair of strictly separating vectors is reflexive. Some applications are discussed.     

Recognizing the P4-structure of a tree

The P₄-structure of a graphG =(V,E) is a hypergraphH = (V,F) such that, for every hyperedgeA inF, the cardinality ofA is four and the subgraph of G induced byA is a path. It is proved in this paper that the P₄-structure of a tree can be recognized in polynomial time.     

Polarimetric-Spectral-Sensitive Compressed Ultrafast Photography Enables Real-Time Intensity Visualization of Time-Varying Polarized Ultrafast Laser Pulses

Ultrafast laser pulses with complex spatiotemporal and polarization couplings have shown great application prospects in coherent control, particle acceleration, molecular dynamics excitation, and chiral or anisotropic detection. It is very important to observe the polarization-coupled ultrafast laser pulses for characterizing the performance of laser source and understanding the laser-matter interaction, but there is currently no detection technique that can completely characterize them, including the spatio-, spectral-, and polarimetric-temporal information. In this work, a polarimetric-spectral-sensitive has been compressed ultrafast photography (PS-CUP) to realize the real-time intensity visualization of time-varying polarized (TP) ultrafast laser pulses. PS-CUP can not only distinguish the polarization state of a TP pulse, but also realize the spatio-, spectral- and polarimetric-temporal measurement. To demonstrate the ability of polarization resolving detection, PS-CUP is used to successfully distinguish between the sinistral and dextral TP pulses and measure the angle and degree of linear polarization of a dextral TP pulse, respectively, and the experimental results are highly consistent with theoretical simulations. Owing to the unprecedented multidimensional detection ability, PS-CUP is prospected to provide a powerful tool for the diagnosis of various complex ultrafast laser pulses and the detection of ultrafast chiral optics.     

Z箍缩聚变及高能量密度应用研究进展

基于脉冲功率技术的Z箍缩过程可以实现驱动器电储能到X光辐射的高效率转换,形成极端温度、密度、压力条件,近年来在惯性约束聚变及高能量密度应用中取得了一系列重要进展。综述了国际上辐射间接驱动和磁直接驱动两条Z箍缩聚变技术路线发展现状,简要介绍了我国Z箍缩聚变尤其是7~8 MA脉冲功率装置上的动态黑腔研究进展;分别从辐射与物质相互作用、辐射不透明度、材料动态特性、实验室天体物理等方面,概述了Z箍缩应用于高能量密度物理研究的技术路线和主要成果。希望通过对Z箍缩聚变及高能量密度应用研究的论述和发展趋势分析,推动我国Z箍缩研究领域的进一步发展。     

Overview of finite elements simulation of temperature profile to estimate properties of materials 3D-printed by laser powder-bed fusion

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF),like many other additive manufacturing techniques,offers flexibility in design expected to become a disruption to the manufacturing industry.The current cost of LPBF process does not favor a try-anderror way of research,which makes modelling and simulation a field of superior importance in that area of engineering.In this work,various methods used to overcome challenges in modeling at different levels of approximation of LPBF process are reviewed.Recent efforts made towards a reliable and computationally effective model to simulate LPBF process using finite element(FE)codes are presented.A combination of ray-tracing technique,the solution of the radiation transfer equation and absorption measurements has been used to establish an analytical equation,which gives a more accurate approximation of laser energy deposition in powder-substrate configuration.When this new analytical energy deposition model is used in in FE simulation,with other physics carefully set,it enables us to get reliable cooling curves and melt track morphology that agree well with experimental observations.The use of more computationally effective approximation,without explicit topological changes,allows to simulate wider geometries and longer scanning time leading to many applications in real engineering world.Different applications are herein presented including:prediction of printing quality through the simulated overlapping of consecutive melt tracks,simulation of LPBF of a mixture of materials and estimation of martensite inclusion in printed steel.