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61.
Muglali MI Liu J Bashir A Borissov D Xu M Wang Y Wöll C Rohwerder M 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2012,14(14):4703-4712
Palladium nanoparticles have been deposited electrochemically onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 4-(4-(4-pyridyl)phenyl)phenylmethanethiol. A pronounced correlation between the kinetics of the complexation between pyridine nitrogens and Pd cations and the sample potential has been observed. The amount of the Pd deposit significantly increases by adjusting the sample potential during the complexation step to values below the point of zero charge. The size of the spherical shaped Pd nanoparticles varies within a certain limit according to the amount of Pd(2+) ions initially coordinated on top of the SAM. The metallic state of these particles was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. Moreover, CO adsorption on the clean Pd deposit revealed further information about the crystallographic orientation of the nanoparticles. 相似文献
62.
Two approaches to the aza-tricyclo dodecane skeleton of (-)-FR901483 are reported. Both routes utilized a Grignard addition to an N-acylpyridinium salt to establish the absolute stereochemistry at C-6 and a highly diastereoselective conjugate allylation reaction to form the quaternary center at C-1 of the natural product in an excellent yield. Although the desired polysubstituted piperidine intermediates were prepared regio- and stereoselectively, the construction of the C-8/C-9 bond connectivity could not be achieved. All attempts at a pinacol cyclization or an intramolecular 6-exo-tet epoxide opening were unsuccessful because of an unfavorable A(1,3) strain inherent in the molecule. 相似文献
63.
Reactivity of sodium arenesulfinates in the substitution reaction to γ‐functionalized allyl bromides
Galina Khamis Stoyanka Stoeva Dimitar Aleksiev 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2010,23(5):461-467
The kinetics of nucleophilic bimolecular substitution reactions of γ‐functionalized allyl bromides with non‐substituted and p‐substituted sodium arenesulfinates has been studied. Both the structure of allyl bromides and nucleophilicity of arenesulfinate ions exerted a significant effect on the values of the kinetic parameters such as the second‐order rate constants k, activation energy EA, and changes in the entropy ΔS≠, enthalpy ΔH≠, and free energy ΔG≠ of the formation of the activated complex from reactants. Based on the evaluation of kinetic parameters, the reactants could be arranged, according to their decreasing reactivity in the SN2‐reactions as follows: p‐toluenesulfinate ion > benzenesulfinate ion > p‐chlorobenzenesulfinate ion and 4‐bromo‐2‐butenenitrile > 1,3‐ dibromopropene, respectively. Comparison was also made between the kinetic data obtained and some delocalization reactivity indexes for both the substrates and nucleophiles. The enthalpy–entropy compensation effect was observed for the reactions of sodium arenesulfinates with γ‐functionalized allyl bromides. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
64.
The article deals with numerical approximations of impulsive delay differential equations with a non-fixed time of impulses. The right-hand side of the approximation is assumed to be Lipschitz with respect to the norm of the measurable functions, which allows us to estimate the distance between functions with different times of jumps. Illustrative examples are provided. 相似文献
65.
66.
Ralitsa P. Ivanova Darinka Y. Bojinova Ivan N. Gruncharov Dimitar L. Damgaliev 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(11):2541-2554
Bases of the production of phosphoric fertilizers are classical methods involving acid dissolution of rock phosphates. The development of new methods applicable both to high-quality and low-quality phosphates is important for solving technological and ecological problems and to increase the economical effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizer technologies. In this respect, the bioconversion of rock phosphates in order to obtain phosphorus fertilizers is very promising. The basic principle of the biotechnological processing of natural phosphates is the production of organic acids, mainly citric, oxalic, and gluconic acid, that attack and dissolve the phosphates, converting the phosphorus to a form utilizable for the plants. The aim of this research is to optimize the process of Tunisian phosphorite solubilization with citric, oxalic, and gluconic acids in relation to the following main factors: the acid concentration, reaction time, solid/liquid phases ratio, and natural phosphate fraction. Two objective functions have been investigated: the quantity of the available acid in the system and the extent of phosphate dissolution. The research data has been processed according to the standard statistical tests. A mathematical model describing the phosphate decomposition process by organic acids has been obtained. A multicriteria optimization has been performed to determine the optimum levels of the examined factors. It was established that the different factors have a different effect on the goal parameters. A maximum degree of 91.89% of phosphorus extraction has been reached at phosphate solubilization by citric acid. 相似文献
67.
Dimitar Grantcharov Ji Hye Jung Seok-Jin Kang Myungho Kim 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》2010,296(3):827-860
In this paper, we investigate the structure of highest weight modules over the quantum queer superalgebra
Uq(\mathfrak q(n)){U_q(\mathfrak {q}(n))}. The key ingredients are the triangular decomposition of
Uq(\mathfrak q(n)){U_q(\mathfrak {q}(n))} and the classification of finite dimensional irreducible modules over quantum Clifford superalgebras. The main results we
prove are the classical limit theorem and the complete reducibility theorem for
Uq(\mathfrak q(n)){U_q(\mathfrak {q}(n))}-modules in the category Oq 3 0{\mathcal {O}_{q}^{\geq 0}}. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.
Rayna Bryaskova Nelly Georgieva Dimitar Peshev 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2010,8(5):1053-1058
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) hybrid materials were prepared by sol-gel methods and tested as matrices
for immobilization of Trichosporon cutaneum R57, capable of removing cadmium and copper ions from aqueous solutions. A kinetic model was applied and the effects of matrix
TEOS content on the copper and cadmium uptake equilibria and rate constants were investigated.
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