Diffusion in poro‐plastic media

A model is developed for the flow of a slightly compressible fluid through a saturated inelastic porous medium. The initial‐boundary‐value problem is a system that consists of the diffusion equation for the fluid coupled to the momentum equation for the porous solid together with a constitutive law which includes a possibly hysteretic relation of elasto‐visco‐plastic type. The variational form of this problem in Hilbert space is a non‐linear evolution equation for which the existence and uniqueness of a global strong solution is proved by means of monotonicity methods. Various degenerate situations are permitted, such as incompressible fluid, negligible porosity, or a quasi‐static momentum equation. The essential sufficient conditions for the well‐posedness of the system consist of an ellipticity condition on the term for diffusion of fluid and either a viscous or a hardening assumption in the constitutive relation for the porous solid. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Investigation of acceptor centers in semiconductors with the diamond crystal structure by the μ − SR method

The residual polarization of negative muons in crystal silicon samples with phosphorus (P: 1.6×10¹³ cm⁻³) and antimony (Sb: 2×10¹⁸ cm⁻³) impurities is investigated. The measurements are made in a 1000 G magnetic field oriented in a direction transverse to the muon spin in the temperature range 4–300 K. The relaxation rate and shift of the precession frequency in the silicon sample with the phosphorus impurity are measured more accurately than previously. It is found that in antimony-doped silicon the acceptor center _μ A1 at temperatures below 30 K can be in both ionized and neutral states. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of spin-lattice relaxation of the magnetic moment of an acceptor center, formation of acceptor-donor pairs, and recombination of charge carriers at the acceptor. Preliminary measurements showed a nonzero residual polarization of negative muons in germanium. Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 1, 61–66 (10 July 1998)     

The effect of complexing processes on energy transfer Tl+→Gd3+ and Tl+→Tb3+ in glass

T. Shevchenko Kiev University, 252022 Kiev, Pr. Akad. Glushakova, 6, Ukraine. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 192–196, May–June, 1995.     

Optical properties of Fe-doped silica films on Si

Optical properties of Fe-doped silica films on Si were investigated by ellipsometric technique in the region 1-5 eV. Samples were produced by sol-gel method. Precursors were prepared by mixing tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) solution in ethanol and water with aqueous solution of Fe-chloride or Fe-acetate. The coating solution was deposited on Si substrates by spin on technique. The size of Fe-containing nanometric-sized particles depended on technology and varied from 20 to 100 nm. Optical response of complex hybrid samples SiO₂:Fe/Si was interpreted in a multi-layer model. In the inverse problem, the Maxwell equations were solved by transfer matrix technique. Dielectric function of Fe-doped silica layers was calculated in the model of effective media. Analysis of optical data has shown that various Fe-oxides formed. Experimental data for films obtained from precursors with Fe-acetate and annealed in hydrogen were well described by the model calculations taking into account a small contribution 1-5% of metal Fe imbedded in silica. The Fe/Fe-O contribution to optical response increased for samples grown from FeCl₃-precursor. Ellipsometric data for Fe-doped silica films on Si were interpreted taking into account the structural AFM studies as well as the results of magnetic measurements.     

Preparation of MgB<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Fe superconductor wire by electrical self-heating

MgB₂/Fe wires were prepared by electrical self-heating of in situ powder-in-tube wires for the first time at ambient conditions. Characterization of the wires processed at 750 °C, 800 °C and 850 °C for 15 min by XRD, SEM, ϱ–T, susceptibility and J_C measurements shows that the MgB₂ formed is of high quality particularly with respect to phase purity and transport J_C. The method considerably reduces the overall energy consumption vis-à-vis the production cost, simplifies the complexity of the fabrication procedure and is promising for manufacture of high-quality MgB₂ superconducting wires. PACS 74.70.Ad; 74.62.Bf; 74.25.Fy; 74.25.Ha; 81.20.Hy     

Derivatization of 1-phenyl substituted 4-amino-2-benzazepin-3-ones: evaluation of Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions

Several Pd-catalyzed reactions were explored to further functionalize the bromo-substituted 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepin-3-one scaffold (Aba). We report in this paper suitable reaction conditions for Suzuki, Buchwald-Hartwig, and Heck reactions. The substitution pattern of the starting aminobenzazepinone turned out to be crucial for the success of these transition metal-catalyzed reactions, which often required modifications of standard literature procedures. The Pd-catalyzed methods provide access to novel substitution patterns of the Aba scaffold.     

Harmonic Calculus on Fractals - A Measure Geometric Approach I

Differentiation of functions w.r.t. finite atomless measures with compact support on the real line is introduced. The related harmonic calculus is similar to that of the classical Lebesgue case. As an application we obtain the Weyl exponent for the spectral asymptotics of the Laplacians w.r.t. linear Cantor-type measures with arbitrary weights.     

New strong interactions: From QCD to LHC

The concept of strong interactions need not be limited to the sector of physics taken by QCD. While this domain is investigated by RHIC, LHC will be able to probe potential new strong interactions simultaneously: Finding the precise mechanism for electroweak symmetry breaking is one of the prime problems of physics. Intricately linked to this point is the question after the true nature or even the existence of the Higgs boson. Here, we present stronly interacting theories providing an explanation for the hierarchy problem and leading to a light composite Higgs boson, favoured by experimental data. Our variation of the standard model is consistent with precision data. We achieve this accordance by using technifermions in a higher representation of their gauge group. Anomaly conditions require at least one extra lepton family for some of the theories whereby they contain a natural dark matter candidate. We can accurately determine the masses of said leptons from experimental data.