NGO ‐ Eine dritte Kraft?

Zu einer Dachorganisation von Institutionen und Nichtregierungsorgansiationen, die sich für den Erhalt der Umwelt einsetzen, wurde in den letzten 50 Jahren die „International Union for Conservation of Nature”︁. Ihr Generaldirektor erläutert vor Rio+10, welche Rollen die „Dritte Kraft”︁, die Politik, der Markt und die chemische Industrie spielen.     

Synthesis and characterization of semifluorinated polymers and block copolymers

The goal of the investigation presented here was to evaluate the influence of semifluorinated side chains on the bulk structure and the surface properties of polysulfones with different chain structure. Thus, segmented block copolymers consisting of polysulfone and semifluorinated aromatic polyester segments as well as polysulfones having semifluorinated side chains randomly distributed over the polymer backbone were synthesized and characterized. Oxydecylperfluorodecyl side chains were used because of their strong tendency for self-organization. The influence of the chain architecture on the self-organization as well as on the surface properties, particularly the wetting behavior, was examined. It could be shown that despite of the higher self-organizing tendency of block copolymers the surface properties of both polymer types are comparable and depend only on the concentration of side chains.     

Synthesen und Kristallstrukturen neuer heterobimetallischer Tantal‐Münzmetall‐Chalkogenido‐Cluster

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Novel Heterobimetallic Tantalum Coin Metal Chalcogenido Clusters In the presence of phosphine the thiotantalats (Et₄N)₄[Ta₆S₁₇] · 3MeCN reacts with copper to give a number of new heterobimetallic tantalum copper chalcogenide clusters. These clusters show metal chalcogenide units some of which here already known from the chemistry of vanadium and niobium. New Ta—M‐chalcogenide clusters could also be synthesised by reaction of TaCl₅ and silylated chalcogen reagents with copper or silver salts in presence of phosphine. Such examples are: [Ta₂Cu₂S₄Cl₂(PMe₃)₆] · DMF ( 1 ), (Et₄N)[Ta₃Cu₅S₈Cl₅(PMe₃)₆] · 2MeCN ( 2 ), (Et₄N)[Ta₉Cu₁₀S₂₄Cl₈(PMe₃)₁₄] · 2MeCN ( 3 ), [Ta₄Cu₁₂Cl₈S₁₂(PMe₃)₁₂] ( 4 ), (Et₄N)[Ta₂Cu₆S₆Cl₅(PPh₃)₆] · 5MeCN ( 5 ), (Et₄N)[Ta₂Cu₆S₆Cl₅(PPh₂Me)₆] · 2MeCN ( 6 ), (Et₄N)[Ta₂Cu₆S₆Cl₅(P^tBu₂Cl)₆] · MeCN ( 7 ) [Ta₂Cu₂S₄Br₄(PPh₃)₂(MeCN)₂] · MeCN ( 8 ), [Cu(PMe₃)₄]₂[Ta₂Cu₆S₆(SCN)₆(PMe₃)₆] · 4MeCN ( 9 ), [TaCu₅S₄Cl₂(dppm)₄] · DMF ( 10 ), [Ta₂Cu₂Se₄(SCN)₂(PMe₃)₆] ( 11 ), [Cu(PMe₃)₄]₂[Ta₂Cu₆Se₆(SCN)₆(PMe₃)₆] · 4MeCN ( 12 ), [TaCu₄Se₄(PⁿPr₃)₆][TaCl₆] ( 13 ), [Ta₂Ag₂Se₄Cl₂(PMe₃)₆] · MeCN ( 14 ), _∞[TaAg₃Se₄(PMe₃)₃] ( 15 ). The structures of these compounds were obtained by X‐ray single crystal structure analysis.     

Multiscale Considerations for Sound Generation in Low Mach Number Flows

Classical approaches in aeroacoustics are mainly based on analytical solutions of the linear wave equations which are valid in the far field. The sound generation is approximated by source terms obtained from a flow simulation. This procedure designated as the ‘acoustic analogy’ was initiated in the classical work of Lighthill. In order to tackle the sound generation problem at low Mach numbers, we consider a multiple scale asymptotic analysis. As we deal with a fluid flow generating the sound itself, the asymptotic ansatz uses one time scale given by the flow convection, but two space scales due to the difference in fluid and sound velocity. The insight given by this analysis is used to obtain source terms describing the sound generation and perturbation equations for the sound propagation. Numerical results are shown for the example of a co‐rotating vortex pair.