Generalized Weighted Morrey Estimates for Marcinkiewicz Integrals with Rough Kernel Associated with Schrödinger Operator and Their Commutators

Let L =-?+V(x) be a Schr?dinger operator, where ? is the Laplacian on ■~n,while nonnegative potential V(x) belonging to the reverse H?lder class. The aim of this paper is to give generalized weighted Morrey estimates for the boundedness of Marcinkiewicz integrals with rough kernel associated with Schr?dinger operator and their commutators.Moreover, the boundedness of the commutator operators formed by BMO functions and Marcinkiewicz integrals with rough kernel associated with Schr?dinger operators is discussed on the generalized weighted Morrey spaces. As its special cases, the corresponding results of Marcinkiewicz integrals with rough kernel associated with Schr?dinger operator and their commutators have been deduced, respectively. Also, Marcinkiewicz integral operators, rough Hardy-Littlewood(H-L for short) maximal operators, Bochner-Riesz means and parametric Marcinkiewicz integral operators which satisfy the conditions of our main results can be considered as some examples.     

Cutting‐edge mass spectrometry characterization of originator,biosimilar and biobetter antibodies

The approval process for antibody biosimilars relies primarily on comprehensive analytical data to establish comparability and high similarity with the originator. Mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with liquid chromatography (LC) and electrophoretic methods are the corner stone for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation. In this special feature we report head‐to‐head comparison of trastuzumab and cetuximab with corresponding biosimilar and biobetter candidates based on cutting‐edge mass spectrometry techniques such as native MS and ion‐mobility MS at different levels (top, middle and bottom). In addition, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of sample preparation and enzymatic digestion, middle‐up and ‐down strategies and the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange followed by MS (HDX‐MS). Last but not least, emerging separation methods combined to MS such as capillary zone electrophoresis‐tandem MS (CESI‐MS/MS), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), top down‐sequencing (TDS) and high‐resolution MS (HR‐MS) that complete the panel of state‐of‐the‐art MS‐based options for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation are presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of 4-[N-methyl-4-pyridinio]-phenolate (POMP) and negative solvatochromism of this model molecule in view of nonlinear optical applications

4-[N-Methyl-4-pyridinio]-phenolate or [4-(phenyloxido)-N-methylpyridinium, POMP] has been synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. POMP undergoes a strong negative solvatochromism (blue shift) as the solvent polarity increases and behaves qualitatively as the famous empirical polarity parameter E_T(30). However, it should be noted that the previously published theoretical investigations of POMP revealed unexpected difficulties in the interpretation of its structure. Interestingly, it is confirmed here in the sense that the experimental transition energy in nonpolar solvents seems by far less important than predicted by different computational methods. Therefore, POMP is highly prospective for (i) the comprehension of betaines solvatochromism, (ii) the development of new molecules with large first and second hyperpolarizabilities useful for doping polymers, the aim being to elaborate efficient processable materials for quadratic optics.     

Fragmentation characteristics of permethylated oligosaccharides using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization two-stage time-of-flight (TOF/TOF) tandem mass spectrometer

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization two-stage time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied to characterize permethylated oligosaccharides. Under these ionization conditions such derivatives yield intense signals corresponding to sodium-cationized molecular species. A systematic study was conducted on a series of neutral and sialylated permethylated oligosaccharides to allow rationalization of the fragmentation processes. The major fragments observed in the MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS spectra result from cleavage of glycosidic bonds, preferentially at N-acetylhexosamine and sialic acid residues. The fragments originating from both the reducing and the non-reducing ends of the glycan yield information on sequence and branching. Cross-ring cleavages, which are very informative of the linkages of the monosaccharide residues constituting these oligosaccharides, and 'internal' cleavage ions which are derived from elimination of substituents from around the pyranose ring, were also observed. This extensive fragmentation was shown to be useful for the structural characterization of oligosaccharides. MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS of permethylated oligosaccharides appears to be a powerful tool for carbohydrate structural analysis.     

SI-traceable certification of the amount content of cadium below the ng g(-1) level in blood samples by isotope dilution ICP-MS applied as a primary method of measurement

The development and implementation of a method for the certification of cadmium in blood samples at low ng g(-1) and sub ng g(-1) levels is described. The analytical procedure is based on inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry (ICP-IDMS) applied as a primary method of measurement. Two different sample digestion methods, an optimized microwave digestion procedure using HNO3 and H2O2 as oxidizing agents and a high-pressure asher digestion procedure, were developed and compared. The very high salt content of the digests and the high molybdenum content, which can cause oxide-based interferences with the Cd isotopes, were reduced by a chromatographic matrix separation step using an anion-exchange resin. All isotope ratio measurements were performed by a quadrupole ICP-MS equipped with an ultrasonic nebulizer with membrane desolvator. This sample introduction set-up was used to increase sensitivity and minimize the formation of oxides (less MoO+ interference with the Cd isotopes). Because of the very low Cd concentrations in the samples and the resulting need to minimize the procedural blank as much as possible, all sample-processing steps were performed in a clean room environment. Detection limits of 0.005 ng g(-1) Cd were achieved using sample weights of 2.7 g. The method described was used to recertify the cadmium content of three different blood reference materials from the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) of the European Commission (BCR-194, BCR-195, BCR- 196). Cadmium concentrations ranged between approximately 0.2 ng g(-1) and approximately 12 ng g(-1). For these materials, SI-traceable certified values including total uncertainty budgets according to ISO and Eurachem guidelines were established.