Highly ordered metal oxide nanopatterns prepared by template-assisted chemical solution deposition

TiO₂, Al₂O₃, and ZrO₂ patterns composed of ordered nano motifs of various morphologies (i.e. perforations (craters), rings, canyons, wires, dots, or channels) with typical lateral dimensions of less than 40 nm and thickness below 15 nm are presented. Simple chemical solution deposition (CSD) of molecular inorganic precursors and commercial block copolymers was used to create patterns on several substrate surfaces (bare, hydrophobized or gold covered silicon wafers and ITO). Self-assembly during evaporation and subsequent stabilization at 500 °C leads to the various nanostructures. Compared to other techniques for surface nano patterning, the present method has the advantage of being cheap, reproducible and easy to scale up and does not require specialized equipment. The type, dimension, and organization of these motifs were assessed by AFM, FE-SEM, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and GI-SAXS and are shown to depend on the conditions of preparation. Usage as model surfaces for modelling of wetting properties and as nanoelectrode arrays were investigated.     

Dissolved Cu(II) Speciation in Unpolluted Soil Solutions of a Planosolic Horizon

Dissolved Cu(II) speciation in unpolluted soil solutions from different horizons was studied using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Three sites were selected according to topography and monitored for three years. Experiments evidence Cu(II) can be bound by DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) through complexation and/or adsorption reactions. The complexation capacity and the corresponding conditional stability constant were determined for complexation reactions. The adsorbing sites were titrated. A potential binding coefficient was calculated to compare both types of reactions. Results show adsorption is less frequent than complexation but exhibits higher binding coefficient.     

New 3π‐2Spiro Ladder‐Type Phenylene Materials: Synthesis,Physicochemical Properties and Applications in OLEDs

New routes to ladder‐type phenylene materials 1 and 2 are described. The oligomers 1 and 2 , which possess a “3π‐2spiro” architecture, have been synthesized by using extended diketone derivatives 3 and 10 as key intermediates. The physicochemical properties of the new blue‐light emitter 2 were studied in detail and compared with those of the less‐extended 1 . Owing to the recent development of fluorenone derivatives and their corresponding more conjugated analogues as potential electron‐transport materials in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and as n‐type materials for photovoltaic applications, we also report herein the thermal, optical and electrochemical behavior of the key intermediates, diketones 3 and 10 . Finally, the application of dispiro 2 as a new light‐emitting material in OLEDs is reported.     

Mössbauer emission studies of Co-Mo/Al2O3 hydrodesulfurization catalysts: Effects of reduction and sulfidation treatments

The effect of the sulfiding temperature on the catalytic and structural properties of Co-Mo/Al₂O₃ catalysts is studied by taking into account the after-effects arising from 57-Co in the alumina. The catalytic activity is shown to be correlated to both MoS₂ or CoMoS and Co₉S₈ phases.     

Hallkoeffizient,spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand und magnetische Suszeptibilität flüssiger Hg-In-und Ga-In-Legierungen

The Hall coefficient and the magnetic susceptibility of the liquid alloys Hg-In and Ga-In have been measured and compared with the free electron model. The deviation of the measured from the calculated Hall coefficient for Hg-In is discussed. The susceptibility of carriers in Hg and Hg-In deviates strongly from the Pauli-Landau-susceptibility. This behaviour can be understood by assuming a minimum of the density of states at the Fermi level of Hg. The susceptibility data accounts for the Knight-shift ofSeymour andStyles. For liquid Ga-In, the Hall-coefficient and the magnetic susceptibility agree with the free electron model.     

A molecular orbital study of the bonding in complexes of lithium with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons

In a preliminary investigation of the bonding between the sub-lattices of lithium and of graphite in intercalation compounds, molecular orbital calculations are performed on systems of Li atoms complexed to one or both sides of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Energy wells calculated reveal possible sites offered to the Li atoms above the aromatic plane to form complexes in both central and edge regions of the molecule. The influence of additional complexed Li atoms on the migratory tendency of a given Li atom is also investigated, and observations made on the effect of the complexed Li atoms on the C-C bonds of the hydrocarbon.     

Impulsive optimal control with finite or infinite time horizon

We consider a dynamical system subjected to feedback optimal control in such a way that the evolution of the state exhibits both sudden jumps and continuous changes. Previously obtained necessary conditions (Ref. 1) for such impulsive optimal feedback controls are generalized to admit the case of infinite time horizon; this generalization permits application to a wider class of problems. The results are illustrated by application to a version of the innkeeper's problem.Dedicated to G. Leitmann