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21.
Javaid A Sheikh Gopal K Khuller Indu Verma 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2011,9(1):1-8
Background
Immunotherapy to enhance the efficiency of the immune response in tuberculosis patients and to eliminate the persisters could be an additional valuable strategy to complement anti-mycobacterial chemotherapy. This study was designed to assess the immunotherapeutic potential of Ag85B as an adjunct to chemotherapy and its effect against active and persister bacteria left after therapy in mouse model of tuberculosis.Methods
6-8 week old female Balb/c mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Protective efficacy was measured in terms of bacterial counts in lungs and spleen. Immune correlates of protection in terms of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were measured by ELISA.Results
Therapeutic effect of Ag85B was found to be comparable to that of short term dosage of antituberculous drugs (ATDs). The therapeutic effect of ATDs was augmented by the simultaneous treatment with rAg85B and moreover therapy with this protein allowed us to reduce ATD dosage. This therapy was found to be effective even in case of drug persisters. The levels of antigen specific IFNγ and IL-12 were significantly increased after immunotherapy as compared to the basal levels; moreover antigen specific IL-4 levels were depressed on immunotherapy with Ag85B.Conclusion
We demonstrated in this study that the new combination approach using immunotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy should offer several improvements over the existing regimens to treat tuberculosis. The therapeutic effect is associated not only with initiating a Th1 response but also with switching the insufficient Th2 immune status to the more protective Th1 response. 相似文献22.
S. Gopal C. Viswanathan M. Thamilselvan K. Premnazeer Sa. K. Narayandass D. Mangalaraj 《Ionics》2004,10(3-4):300-303
Indium Selenide thin films were electrodeposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates from a mixture of Indium
trichloride (InCl3) and selenium dioxide (SeO2) in aqueous solution by the potentiostatic electrodeposition technique. The InSe films showed that Mott’s variable-range
hopping conductivity (VRH) is dominant under low field (∼2×105 Vcm−1) condition. At high field the Current-Voltage studies (in the temperature range 300 – 380 K) revealed that the conductivity
of Indium selenide thin films is of Poole-Frenkel type. The plot drawn between Ln (I/V) and tV showed a straight line and
also the experimental data and the theoretical data closely matches. Hence Poole-Frenkel mechanism is confirmed and discussed
in detail.
Paper presented at the 2nd International Conference on Ionic Devices, Anna University, Chennai, India, Nov. 28–30, 2003. 相似文献
23.
Thermal emission spectrum of NiBr molecule excited by vacuum graphite tube furnace revealed the existence of ten new band sub-systems in the region λλ 5540-4720 Å which were attributed toA→X,B→X,C→X andD→X transitions. Vibrational analysis was carried out for each of the systems mentioned above.A 2 Δ has been suggested as the ground state of NiBr molecule with an electronic interval of about 533 cm?1. Transitions responsible for NiBr spectrum appear to be of the type2π–2Δ and2Δ–2Δ. 相似文献
24.
The elastic constantsC
11,C
12 andC
44 of sodium chlorate single crystal have been evaluated using 10 MHz ultrasonic pulse echo superposition technique. The values
areC
11=4.90,C
12=1.39,C
44=1.17 (× 1010
N/m
2) at 298 K and 6.15, 2.16, 1.32 (×1010
N/m
2) at 77 K. The data agree well with the values measured earlier up to 223 K. Brief mention is also made of the low temperature
bonding problems in these soft crystals. 相似文献
25.
The elastic constants of NaBrO3 and NaClO3 are evaluated from ultrasonic velocity measurements using pulse superposition techniques. The values of C11, C12 and C44 for NaBrO3 at 298°K are 5.578, 1.705, 1.510 (x 1010 N/m2) and for NaClO3 the values are 4.897, 1.389, 1.174. The values at 77°K are respectively 6.35, 1.98 and 1.65 for NaBrO3 and 6.15, 2.16 and 1.32 for NaClO3. 相似文献
26.
The elastic constants of single crystal galena have been determined from the measured ultrasonic velocities down to liquid
helium temperature. A cryostat incorporating an arrangement to inject the liquid bonding material at low temperature is described.
At 5 K, the values of elastic constants are C11=14.90, C12=3.51 and C44=2.92×1010 N/m2. 相似文献
27.
K.L. Bhatia G. Parthasarathy E.S.R. Gopal A.K. Sharma 《Solid State Communications》1984,51(9):739-742
An investigation of the problem of controlled doping of amorphous chalcogenide semiconductors utilizing a Bridgman anvil high pressure technique, has been undertaken. Bulk amorphous semiconducting materials (GeSe3.5)100-x doped with M = Bi (x = 2, 4, 10) and M = Sb (x = 10) respectively are studied up to a pressure of 100 kbar down to liquid nitrogen temperature, with a view to observe the impurity induced modifications. Measurement of the electrical conductivity of the doped samples under quasi-hydrostatic pressure reveals that the pressure induced effects in lightly doped (2 at % Bi) and heavily doped (x = 4, 10) semiconductors are markedly different. The pressure effects in Sb-doped semiconductors are quite different from those in Bi-doped material. 相似文献
28.
Bernhard Haeupler Gopal Pandurangan David Peleg Rajmohan Rajaraman Zhifeng Sun 《Random Structures and Algorithms》2016,48(3):565-587
We study randomized gossip‐based processes in dynamic networks that are motivated by information discovery in large‐scale distributed networks such as peer‐to‐peer and social networks. A well‐studied problem in peer‐to‐peer networks is resource discovery, where the goal for nodes (hosts with IP addresses) is to discover the IP addresses of all other hosts. Also, some of the recent work on self‐stabilization algorithms for P2P/overlay networks proceed via discovery of the complete network. In social networks, nodes (people) discover new nodes through exchanging contacts with their neighbors (friends). In both cases the discovery of new nodes changes the underlying network — new edges are added to the network — and the process continues in the changed network. Rigorously analyzing such dynamic (stochastic) processes in a continuously changing topology remains a challenging problem with obvious applications. This paper studies and analyzes two natural gossip‐based discovery processes. In the push discovery or triangulation process, each node repeatedly chooses two random neighbors and connects them (i.e., “pushes” their mutual information to each other). In the pull discovery process or the two‐hop walk, each node repeatedly requests or “pulls” a random contact from a random neighbor and connects itself to this two‐hop neighbor. Both processes are lightweight in the sense that the amortized work done per node is constant per round, local, and naturally robust due to the inherent randomized nature of gossip. Our main result is an almost‐tight analysis of the time taken for these two randomized processes to converge. We show that in any undirected n‐node graph both processes take rounds to connect every node to all other nodes with high probability, whereas is a lower bound. We also study the two‐hop walk in directed graphs, and show that it takes time with high probability, and that the worst‐case bound is tight for arbitrary directed graphs, whereas Ω(n2) is a lower bound for strongly connected directed graphs. A key technical challenge that we overcome in our work is the analysis of a randomized process that itself results in a constantly changing network leading to complicated dependencies in every round. We discuss implications of our results and their analysis to discovery problems in P2P networks as well as to evolution in social networks. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 48, 565–587, 2016 相似文献
29.
Zepf M Clark EL Beg FN Clarke RJ Dangor AE Gopal A Krushelnick K Norreys PA Tatarakis M Wagner U Wei MS 《Physical review letters》2003,90(6):064801
Measurements of energetic proton production resulting from the interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with foil targets are described. Through the use of layered foil targets and heating of the target material we are able to distinguish three distinct populations of protons. One high energy population is associated with a proton source near the front surface of the target and is observed to be emitted with a characteristic ring structure. A source of typically lower energy, lower divergence protons originates from the rear surface of the target. Finally, a qualitatively separate source of even lower energy protons and ions is observed with a large divergence. Acceleration mechanisms for these separate sources are discussed. 相似文献
30.
We address risk minimizing option pricing in a regime switching market where the floating interest rate depends on a finite state Markov process. The growth rate and the volatility of the stock also depend on the Markov process. Using the minimal martingale measure, we show that the locally risk minimizing prices for certain exotic options satisfy a system of Black-Scholes partial differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. We find the corresponding hedging strategies and the residual risk. We develop suitable numerical methods to compute option prices. 相似文献