Elliptic Systems with a Partially Sublinear Local Term

Let $1 0.$ This is in sharp contrast to D'Aprile and Mugnai's non-existence results.     

无记忆非拟 Newton 算法的导出和全局收敛性

In this paper, a new class of memoryless non-quasi-Newton method for solving unconstrained optimization problems is proposed, and the global convergence of this method with inexact line search is proved. Furthermore, we propose a hybrid method that mixes both the memoryless non-quasi-Newton method and the memoryless Perry-Shanno quasi-Newton method. The global convergence of this hybrid memoryless method is proved under mild assumptions. The initial results show that these new methods are efficient for the given test problems. Especially the memoryless non-quasi-Newton method requires little storage and computation, so it is able to efficiently solve large scale optimization problems.     

Hybrid process for texturization of diamond wire sawn multicrystalline silicon solar cell

Acid texture is difficult for diamond wire sawn (DWS) multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) wafer owing to the inhomogeneous distribution of damage layer on the surface. In this article, metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) has been selected for introducing a porous seeding layer to induce acid texturing etching. SEM results show that the oval pit structures coverage get obvious improvement even on the smooth areas. Owing to the further improved light absorption ability by second MACE and nanostructure rebuilding (NSR) process, nanostructured DWS mc‐Si solar cell has exhibited a conversion efficiency of 17.96%, which is 0.45% higher than that of DWS wafer with simple acid texture process. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Extraction of local coordination structure in a low‐concentration uranyl system by XANES

Obtaining structural information of uranyl species at an atomic/molecular scale is a critical step to control and predict their physical and chemical properties. To obtain such information, experimental and theoretical L₃‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectra of uranium were studied systematically for uranyl complexes. It was demonstrated that the bond lengths (R) in the uranyl species and relative energy positions (ΔE) of the XANES were determined as follows: ΔE₁ = 168.3/R(U—O_ax)² ? 38.5 (for the axial plane) and ΔE₂ = 428.4/R(U—O_eq)² ? 37.1 (for the equatorial plane). These formulae could be used to directly extract the distances between the uranium absorber and oxygen ligand atoms in the axial and equatorial planes of uranyl ions based on the U L₃‐edge XANES experimental data. In addition, the relative weights were estimated for each configuration derived from the water molecule and nitrate ligand based on the obtained average equatorial coordination bond lengths in a series of uranyl nitrate complexes with progressively varied nitrate concentrations. Results obtained from XANES analysis were identical to that from extended X‐ray absorption fine‐structure (EXAFS) analysis. XANES analysis is applicable to ubiquitous uranyl–ligand complexes, such as the uranyl–carbonate complex. Most importantly, the XANES research method could be extended to low‐concentration uranyl systems, as indicated by the results of the uranyl–amidoximate complex (～40 p.p.m. uranium). Quantitative XANES analysis, a reliable and straightforward method, provides a simplified approach applied to the structural chemistry of actinides.     

Mössbauer study of the magnetocaloric compound AlFe<Subscript>2</Subscript><Emphasis Type="Bold">B</Emphasis><Subscript>2</Subscript>

Mössbauer spectroscopy in the ferromagnetic AlFe₂ B ₂ reveals T_c=299 K and shows good agreement with magnetic measurements. The crystals are plate-shaped. The flakes are found from X-ray diffraction to be in the crystallographic ac-plane in the orthorhombic system. The axes of the principle electric field gradient tensor are, by symmetry, colinear with the crystal a-, b- and c-axes. By using information about the quadrupole splitting and line asymmetry in the paramagnetic regime together with the quadrupole shift of the resonance lines in the ferromagnetic regime the magnetic hyperfine field direction is found to be in the ab-plane having an angle =40^° to the b-axis.     

Quantum Authencryption with Two-Photon Entangled States for Off-Line Communicants

In this paper, a quantum authencryption protocol is proposed by using the two-photon entangled states as the quantum resource. Two communicants Alice and Bob share two private keys in advance, which determine the generation of two-photon entangled states. The sender Alice sends the two-photon entangled state sequence encoded with her classical bits to the receiver Bob in the manner of one-step quantum transmission. Upon receiving the encoded quantum state sequence, Bob decodes out Alice’s classical bits with the two-photon joint measurements and authenticates the integrity of Alice’s secret with the help of one-way hash function. The proposed protocol only uses the one-step quantum transmission and needs neither a public discussion nor a trusted third party. As a result, the proposed protocol can be adapted to the case where the receiver is off-line, such as the quantum E-mail systems. Moreover, the proposed protocol provides the message authentication to one bit level with the help of one-way hash function and has an information-theoretical efficiency equal to 100 %.     

Quantum Games under Decoherence

Quantum systems are easily influenced by ambient environments. Decoherence is generated by system interaction with external environment. In this paper, we analyse the effects of decoherence on quantum games with Eisert-Wilkens-Lewenstein (EWL) (Eisert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(15), 3077 1999) and Marinatto-Weber (MW) (Marinatto and Weber, Phys. Lett. A 272, 291 2000) schemes. Firstly, referring to the analytical approach that was introduced by Eisert et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 83(15), 3077 1999), we analyse the effects of decoherence on quantum Chicken game by considering different traditional noisy channels. We investigate the Nash equilibria and changes of payoff in specific two-parameter strategy set for maximally entangled initial states. We find that the Nash equilibria are different in different noisy channels. Since Unruh effect produces a decoherence-like effect and can be perceived as a quantum noise channel (Omkar et al., arXiv:1408.1477v1), with the same two parameter strategy set, we investigate the influences of decoherence generated by the Unruh effect on three-player quantum Prisoners’ Dilemma, the non-zero sum symmetric multiplayer quantum game both for unentangled and entangled initial states. We discuss the effect of the acceleration of noninertial frames on the the game’s properties such as payoffs, symmetry, Nash equilibrium, Pareto optimal, dominant strategy, etc. Finally, we study the decoherent influences of correlated noise and Unruh effect on quantum Stackelberg duopoly for entangled and unentangled initial states with the depolarizing channel. Our investigations show that under the influence of correlated depolarizing channel and acceleration in noninertial frame, some critical points exist for an unentangled initial state at which firms get equal payoffs and the game becomes a follower advantage game. It is shown that the game is always a leader advantage game for a maximally entangled initial state and there appear some points at which the payoffs become zero.     

Nonlinear Spinor Fields in Bianchi type-III Spacetime

Within the scope of Bianchi type-III spacetime we study the role of spinor field on the evolution of the Universe as well as the influence of gravity on the spinor field. In doing so we have considered a polynomial type of nonlinearity. In this case the spacetime remains locally rotationally symmetric and anisotropic all the time. It is found that depending on the sign of nonlinearity the models allows both accelerated and oscillatory modes of expansion. The non-diagonal components of energy-momentum tensor though impose some restrictions on metric functions and components of spinor field, unlike Bianchi type I, V and V I ₀ cases, they do not lead to vanishing mass and nonlinear terms of the spinor field.     

Tunneling Radiation of Vector Particles in Four and Five Dimensional Black Holes

Recent research shows that the WKB approximation and the Hamilton-Jacobi method has been succeed in studying the tunneling radiation of vector particles. In view of this, our main aim in this letter is to study the Proca equation and the vector particles tunneling radiation in the 4-dimensional and 5-dimensional black holes. And finally, the results here show that the temperature of vector particle is the same as Dirac particle’s and other particle’s.     

A high-voltage lithium-ion battery prepared using a Sn-decorated reduced graphene oxide anode and a LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.5</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> cathode

This paper describes the preparation and characterization of a high-voltage lithium-ion battery based on Sn-decorated reduced graphene oxide and LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ as the anode and cathode active materials, respectively. The Sn-decorated reduced graphene oxide is prepared using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method followed by reduction at high temperature of a mixture of (C₆H₅)₂SnCl₂ and graphene oxide. The so-obtained anode material is characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron diffraction spectroscopy. The LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ is a commercially available product. The two materials are used to prepare composite electrodes, and their electrochemical properties are investigated by galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles at various current densities in lithium cells. The electrodes are then used to assemble a high-voltage lithium-ion cell, and the cell is tested to evaluate its performance as a function of discharge rate and cycle number.