Controlled growth and field emission of vertically aligned AlN nanostructures with different morphologies

The controllable growth of three different morphologies of AlN nanostructures (nanorod, nanotip and nanocrater) arrays are successfully realized by using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) technology. All three nanostructures are of single crystal h-AlN with a growth orientation of [001]. Their growth is attributed to the vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. To investigate the factors affecting field emission (FE) properties of AlN nanostructures, we compare their FE behaviours in several aspects. Experimental results show that AlN nanocrater arrays possess the best FE properties, such as a threshold field of 7.2~V/μm and an emission current fluctuation lower than 4%. Moreover, the three AlN nanostructures all have good field emission properties compared with a number of other excellent cathode nanomaterials, which suggests that they are future promising FE nanomaterials.     

Enhanced electrochemical properties of LiMnPO4/C via doping with Cu

Li_0.98Cu_0.01MnPO₄/C composite cathode materials for lithium ion battery are synthesized by sol-gel method followed by heat treatment in the air. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy measurements show that both firing temperature and carbon content affect the morphology of the end products. X-ray powder diffraction analysis indicates that the samples are olivine-structured. The galvanostatic charge?Cdischarge results show that the optimal firing temperature registers 500°C and that the electrochemical performances of Li_0.98Cu_0.01MnPO₄/C are improved by elevating its carbon amount. The cyclic ability and rate performances of LiMnPO₄ are greatly improved by doping Cu.     

高功率固体激光器锥形空间滤波孔应用

锥形空间滤波孔是一种应用于高功率固体激光装置空间滤波的新型结构滤波小孔,其内部光滑的锥形结构可以有效滤除光束中的高频成分且避免等离子堵孔现象的发生。根据神光-Ⅲ主机装置结构特点,设计并加工了适用于主机装置的锥形空间滤波小孔,并开展了应用实验研究。通过与传统的平面结构滤波小孔对比可以看出,锥形小孔有效地避免了等离子体度堵孔现象,在与光束波前补偿技术配合使用条件下,保证光束顺利过孔,并成功实现了基频光7988 J的满能量输出。     

无富集进样原子荧光光谱法测定地表水中的痕量汞

通过增大样品进样量的方式,样品进样量是标准进样量的10-100倍,降低了汞的检出限,从而达到了无富集直接进样测定地表水中痕量汞.其检出限为0.008μg/L;浓度为0.05μg/L和0.10μg/L左右的有证标准物质测定均值分别为0.0483μg/L和0.1016μg/L,加标回收率为92.3％和95.2％.灵敏度高,精密度好,能达到准确定量Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类地表水汞(0.05μg/L以下)的要求.对汉江湖北段水样进行测定,在较洁净的地表水分析中,氧化还原处理后与酸化水样测定结果差异不大,处理后水样结果略微增大.建议对较洁净的地表水样品将氧化还原预处理步骤省略掉,直接进样.     

Structure of Na2O·MO·SiO2·CaF2 (M=Mg,Ca) oxyfluoride glasses

(9−x)CaO·xMgO·15Na₂O·60SiO₂·16CaF₂(x=0, 2, 4, 6, and 9) oxyfluoride glasses were prepared. Utilizing the Raman scattering technique together with ²⁹Si and ¹⁹F MAS NMR, the effect of alkaline metal oxides on the Q species of glass was characterized. Raman results show that as magnesia is added at the expense of calcium oxide, the disproportional reaction Q³→Q⁴+Q² (Qⁿ is a SiO₄ tetrahedron with n bridging oxygens) prompted due to the high ionic field strength of magnesia, magnesium oxide entered into the silicate network as tetrahedral MgO₄, and removed other modifying ions for charge compensation. This reaction was confirmed by ²⁹Si MAS NMR. ¹⁹F MAS NMR results show that fluorine exists in the form of mixed calcium sodium fluoride species in all glasses and no Si–F bonds were formed. As CaO is gradually replaced by MgO (x=6, 9), a proportion of the magnesium ions combines with fluorine to form the MgF⁺ species. Meanwhile, some part of Na⁺ ions complex F⁻ in the form of F–Na(6).     

A class of hybrid DG/FV methods for conservation laws I: Basic formulation and one-dimensional systems

By comparing the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and the finite volume (FV) methods, a concept of ‘static reconstruction’ and ‘dynamic reconstruction’ is introduced for high-order numerical methods. Based on the new concept, a class of hybrid DG/FV schemes is presented for one-dimensional conservation law using a ‘hybrid reconstruction’ approach. In the hybrid DG/FV schemes, the lower-order derivatives of a piecewise polynomial solution are computed locally in a cell by the DG method based on Taylor basis functions (called as ‘dynamic reconstruction’), while the higher-order derivatives are re-constructed by the ‘static reconstruction’ of the FV method, using the known lower-order derivatives in the cell itself and its adjacent neighboring cells. The hybrid DG/FV methods can greatly reduce CPU time and memory required by the traditional DG methods with the same order of accuracy on the same mesh, and they can be extended directly to unstructured and hybrid grids in two and three dimensions similar to the DG and/or FV methods. The hybrid DG/FV methods are applied to one-dimensional conservation law, including linear and non-linear scalar equation and Euler equations. In order to capture the strong shock waves without spurious oscillations, a simple shock detection approach is developed to mark ‘trouble cells’, and a moment limiter is adopted for higher-order schemes. The numerical results demonstrate the accuracy, and the super-convergence property is shown for the third-order hybrid DG/FV schemes. In addition, by analyzing the eigenvalues of the semi-discretized system in one dimension, we discuss the spectral properties of the hybrid DG/FV schemes to explain the super-convergence phenomenon.     

Analysis of a 1×32 polymer microring resonant wavelength de-multi/multiplexer assistant with interleave filter

A new 1×32 wavelength de-multi/multiplexer utilizing the microring resonator and interleave filter is proposed in this paper. A novel formula of transfer functions is presented, the parameters of microring are optimized, and the transmission characteristics of the system are analyzed. The channel spacing of the presented device is 0.4 nm. The analytical result shows that the crosstalk between adjacent channels can be reduced greatly and the filter response of the device can be improved by using the interleave filter. A bandwidth (3 dB) of 0.21 nm, an insertion loss less than 1.1 dB, and crosstalk below −32 dB were obtained for the optimized device. A method for compensating the manufacturing tolerances is discussed.     

Sufficient and necessary condition of separability for generalized Werner states

In a celebrated paper [Optics Communications 179, 447, 2000], A.O. Pittenger and M.H. Rubin presented for the first time a sufficient and necessary condition of separability for the generalized Werner states. Inspired by their ideas, we generalized their method to a more general case. We obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for the separability of a specific class of N d-dimensional system (qudits) states, namely special generalized Werner state (SGWS): , where is an entangled pure state of N qudits system and α_i satisfies two restrictions: (i) ; (ii) Matrix , where , is a density matrix. Our condition gives quite a simple and efficiently computable way to judge whether a given SGWS is separable or not and previously known separable conditions are shown to be special cases of our approach.     

Electroless nickel plating on optical fiber probe

As a component of near-field scanning optical microscope （NSOM）, optical fiber probe is an important factor influncing the equipment resolution. Electroless nickel plating is introduced to metallize the optical fiber probe. The optical fibers are etched by 40% HF with Turner etching method. Through pretreatment, the optical fiber probe is coated with Ni-P film by electroless plating in a constant temperature water tank. Atomic absorption spectrometry （AAS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDXS） are carried out to characterize the deposition on fiber probe. We have reproducibly fabricated two kinds of fiber probes with a Ni-P film： aperture probe and apertureless probe. In addition, reductive particle transportation on the surface of fiber probe is proposed to explain the cause of these probes.     

Absorption Enhancement of Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Dielectric Si_3N_4 Nanostructures

A design of ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cell with Si3 N4 circular truncated cone holes(CTCs) arrays on the top is proposed. In this article, we perform an optical simulation of the structure. The finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate the optical absorption of different periods, radius of top and bottom circles and depth of Si3 N4 CTCs. The short-circuit current density generated by the optimized cells(30.17 mA/cm~2) is 32.44% more than the value gained by control group(with flat Si3 N4). Then adding a layer of back silver to allow us to better analyze optical absorption. Later, we simulate the optimization of the same configuration of different silicon thicknesses andfind that our structure does enhance the light absorption. This work uses a combined path towards achieving higher photocurrent ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells by constructing the texture of anti-reflection coating.