Crystal Structures of the 1,2-Dihydroquinazolinium-4-yl Pd(II) Complexes [PdI{C=N(Xy)CH(R)NHC6H4-2}(CNXy)2]OTf (R?=?Me, CH?=?CH2, C6H4Me-4) and of the 2-Iminoaryl Pd(II) Complex [PdI(C6H4{N=C(H)C6H4Me-4}-2)(2,2′-bipyridine)]

Abstract  

The crystal structures of trans-[PdI{C=N(Xy)CH(R)NHC₆H₄-2}(CNXy)₂]OTf (R = Me (1·CHCl₃) space group P-1, a = 8.7665(4) ?, b = 15.5346(8) ?, c = 16.2415(8) ?, α = 72.698(2)o, β = 78.310(3)o, γ = 88.310(2)o, CH = CH₂ (2·0.5Et₂O) space group P2₁/c, a = 15.7868(6) ?, b = 14.5066(6) ?, c = 18.5814(7) ?, β = 106.707(2)o, C₆H₄Me-4 (Tol) (3) space group P-1, a = 11.96075(5) ?, b = 12.9452(51) ?, c = 13.1263(5) ?, α = 93.306o, β = 95.822(2)o, γ = 94.572(2)o) have been measured. The structural data suggest the existence of some electron delocalization over the heterocyclic ring, the extension of which seems to depend on the R substituent. The complex [PdI{C₆H₄(N=CHTol)-2}(bpy)] (Tol = C₆H₄Me-4, bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, 4) is the fourth imino-substituted aryl palladium complex. Complex 4 crystallizes in triclinic P-1 with a = 8.7873(5) ?, b = 8.8936(5) ?, c = 13.8375(8) ?, α = 90.116(2)o, β = 92.760(2)o, γ = 106.243(2)o.     

On the [2+2] cycloaddition of 2-aminothiazoles and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. Experimental and computational evidence of a thermal disrotatory ring opening of fused cyclobutenes

The reaction of 2-(phenylamino)- and 2-(dimethylamino)thiazoles with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate led unexpectedly to dimethyl 6-(phenylamino)- and 6-(dimethylamino)-3,4-pyridinedicarboxylates. Those compounds reasonably result from a sequence of reactions initiated by a [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the alkyne to the formal C=C of the thiazole ring. These pyridines were obtained in nearly all the cases assayed as the exclusive reaction products under rather mild conditions and in fair to good yields. In contrast, the regioisomeric 2-amino-3,4-pyridinedicarboxylates, which would result from a [4 + 2] cycloaddition followed by sulfur extrusion, were only obtained in one particular case. The two reaction paths leading alternatively to both regioisomers were investigated computationally. The respective [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloadducts were found to be formed stepwise from a common dipolar intermediate. Notably, the step following the [2 + 2] cycloaddition (i.e., the ring opening of the fused cyclobutene intermediate to give an all-cis 1,3-thiazepine) was found to take place in a disrotatory mode. Although geometric constraints and electronic factors may reduce the energy for the disrotation, the implication of the fused five-membered ring in the electronic reorganization leading to the 1,3-thiazepine is determinant. In this sense, this step could be regarded also as a thermally allowed six-electron five-center disrotatory electrocyclic ring opening. The proposed mechanism was experimentally supported by the isolation of several intermediates and other experimental facts.     

The reaction of 4-amino-2-oxazolines with isocyanates and isothiocyanates. Synthesis and X-ray structures of polysubstituted 2-imidazolidinones, 1,3-oxazolidines and 1,3-thiazolidines

Reactions of 4-alkylamino-2-phenyl-2-oxazolines 1 with isocyanates and isothiocyanates provide unprecedented efficient and regioselective heterocycle-heterocycle transformations. Compounds 1 reacted rapidly with tosyl isocyanate yielding directly 3-alkyl-4-benzamido-1-tosyl-2-imidazolidinones 4 in almost quantitative yields. The corresponding ureido intermediates 2 were not isolable species. However, the reactions with non-sulfonylated isocyanates or isothiocyanates were slower, leading to the expected ureido and thioureido derivatives 5, which were easily and efficiently transformed to either polysubstituted 2-imino-1,3-oxazolidine or 2-imino-1,3-thiazolidine hydrochlorides 7, respectively, by treatment with hydrochloric acid. The possible reasons for this disparity in chemical behaviour are discussed. X-ray crystallographic structures for 4-benzamido-3-methyl-1-tosyl-2-imidazolidinone 4b, 4-[1-isopropyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)ureido]-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline 5e, (Z)-3-benzyl-4-benzamido-2-phenylimino-1,3-oxazolidine hydrochloride 7a and (Z)-3-benzyl-4-benzamido-2-phenylimino-1,3-thiazolidine hydrochloride 7b have been determined.     

Application of linear regression analysis for iron and copper removal process using natural zeolites

Natural zeolites (zeolitic volcanic tuffs) cropped out from three regions of Transilvania, Vultureni (V), Pagli?a (P) and M?cica? (M), were evaluated in the process of iron (V, P, M) and copper (M) removal from wastewaters. Iron and copper removal process was studied using a fixed bed column, when equilibrium and kinetic data were acquired. Four isotherms, Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir?CFreundlich and Redlich?CPeterson, were used to fit the experimental data obtained for each natural zeolite sample. Parameters of the adsorption isotherms were estimated from the experimental equilibrium data using MATLAB. Using these data the best fit with one of the chosen isotherm can be found. Isotherm constants were determined by linear regression analysis of the experimental data. We concluded that the mathematical model based on Freundlich isotherm is the most appropriate to describe the iron and copper exchange on our natural zeolite samples.     

A geometric modelling of nonlinear RLC networks

A new approach to nonlinear RLC circuits, which is based on the geometric Birkhoffian formalism, is described in this note. The configuration space and a special Pfaffian form, called Birkhoffian, are obtained from the constitutive relations of the involved resistors, inductors and capacitors and from Kirchhoff's laws. No assumptions are placed upon the topology of the network. Properties of the corresponding Birkhoffian such as its regularity, or its dissipativeness, are discussed in this context. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Syntheses of the isomeric benzoquinazolines: A review

The synthesis of derivatives of benzo[f]quinazoline, benzo[g]quinazoline and benzo[h]quinazoline is reviewed. Each class of compound is treated separately. The review covers ring formations as well as group modifications.