Lattice Classification by Cut-through Coding

Inspired by engineering of high-speed switching with quality of service, this paper introduces a new approach to classify finite lattices by the concept of cut-through coding. An n-ary cut-through code of a finite lattice encodes all lattice elements by distinct n-ary strings of a uniform length such that for all j, the initial j encoding symbols of any two elements x and y determine the initial j encoding symbols of the meet and join of x and y. In terms of lattice congruences, some basic criteria are derived to characterize the n-ary cut-through codability of a finite lattice. N-ary cut-through codability also gives rise to a new classification of lattice varieties and in particular, defines a chain of ideals in the lattice of lattice varieties.     

The first chlorogenic acid ester saponin from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lonicera macranthoides</Emphasis>

An original triterpenoid saponin, named lonimacranthoide I, was isolated from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides (Caprifoliaceae). It has hederagenin as aglycone. Lonimacranthoide I is a rare chlorogenic acid ester acylated at C-23 of hederagenin. The structure of the saponin was established based on chemical and spectral methods.     

Synthesis of 2-aminooxazolines from isonitriles and iodine

A novel one-pot protocol for the synthesis of substituted 2-aminooxazoline from isonitriles and 2-aminoethanol was developed and the reactions involved imidoyl diiodide intermediates,which were generated by mixing isonitriles and iodine in CH₂C1₂ at room temperature.     

Controllable immobilization of polyacrylamide onto glass slide: synthesis and characterization

A novel route was introduced to synthesize dense polyacrylamide (PAM) onto the glass slide surface. To investigate the surface chemistry of the PAM on the glass slides, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to obtain detailed chemical state information on the PAM layer constituents. The XPS peak data were consistent with the presented model of the PAM on the glass slide surface. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope data indicated the presence of PAM on the glass slides, which consist of nodules. The results showed that PAM was successfully immobilized onto glass slides with a two-tier structure under aqueous condition and a monolayer structure under anhydrous condition. Compared with those under aqueous condition, the controllability of the molecular layer on glass slides and the reproducibility under anhydrous condition were much better, which makes anhydrous condition an advisable condition for the study of the reaction mechanisms of glass slides modified by PAM.     

A simple and efficient method for the allylation of heteroarenes catalyzed by PdCl2

The PdCl₂-catalyzed allylation of heteroarenes is presented. Various heteroarenes including O-, N-, and S-based ones were allylated efficiently with a rich range of allylic acetates in the presence of only 2 mol % of PdCl₂, without the need of bases/acids, additives, and external supporting ligands. In addition, the reactions were carried out under mild and simple conditions just by stirring the two reactants and catalyst in CH₂Cl₂ at 60 °C. Moreover, the by-product produced was non-toxic acetic acid. Thus, the method presented in this work provides a general, clean, and operationally simple approach for the functionalization of heteroarenes. Finally, a preliminary mechanistic study suggested that the Pd(II) may be reduced in situ by the heteroarenes to Pd(0), which serves as the active metal center to catalyze the following allylations of heteroarenes via a Tsuji–Trost pathway.     

Super‐heptazethrene

The challenging synthesis of a laterally extended heptazethrene molecule, the super‐heptazethrene derivative SHZ‐CF3 , is reported. This molecule was prepared using a strategy involving a multiple selective intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation followed by oxidative dehydrogenation. Compound SHZ‐CF3 exhibits an open‐shell singlet diradical ground state with a much larger diradical character compared with the heptazethrene derivatives. An intermediate dibenzo‐terrylene SHZ‐2H was also obtained during the synthesis. This study provides a new synthetic method to access large‐size quinoidal polycyclic hydrocarbons with unique physical properties.     

Mean Field Games with Heterogeneous Groups: Application to Banking Systems

Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - We study the system of heterogeneous lending and borrowing based on the relative average of log-capitalization given by the linear combination of...     

Heterostructured MoS2/GPC anode: the synergistic lithium storage performance and lithiation kinetics

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Grapefruit peel carbon (GPC) is prepared from waste grapefruit peel and further used as substrate for in situ construction of MoS2 arrays, forming MoS2/GPC...