Multigrid fictitious boundary and grid deformation methods for flow-induced rotation of wing

Numerical simulations of flow-induced rotation of wing by multigrid fictitious boundary and grid deformation methods are presented. The flow is computed by a special ALE formulation with a multigrid finite element solver. The solid wing is allowed to move freely through the computational mesh which is adaptively aligned by a special mesh deformation method. The advantage of this approach is that no expensive remeshing has to be performed. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

预应力对熔石英损伤的影响

采用ANSYS进行形变-应力模拟。对不同应力状态下的熔石英表面进行三倍频激光损伤测试,结果发现,预加压应力为0~50 MPa时损伤阈值有明显提高的趋势,用应力耦合作用对此给出了解释：0~50 MPa的预加压应力可以降低和抵消激光辐照产生的张应力破坏,大于50 MPa预应力的耦合作用会使得该处机械性能下降,另外,损伤增长在预应力存在时更容易发生。因此,0~50 MPa预加压应力时的表面预应力可以提高熔石英的抗激光辐照能力。     

双脉冲激光诱导土壤中Pb和Ba光谱增强研究

为获得共线双脉冲激发方式对土壤中Pb和Ba元素的谱线增强效果,研究了1064 nm单脉冲和(355 nm+ 1064 nm),(1064 nm+355 nm)共线双脉冲三种激发方式下,谱线强度随采集延迟时间的变化规律和谱线增强倍数随双脉冲时间间隔的变化规律。研究发现,与单脉冲激发方式相比,在双脉冲激发方式下,谱线Pb I 405.78 nm和Ba I 553.55 nm强度的最大增强倍数分别为5和8。该研究结果为检测土壤中重金属元素提供了参考。     

Effects of C3-aromatic heterocycles on 1,3,5-triaryl-2-pyrazoline sulfonium salt photoacid generators as light-emitting diode-sensitive cationic photoinitiators

Four 1,5-diphenyl-3-aromatic heterocyclyl-2-pyrazoline-based sulfonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) with different aromatic heterocycles substituted on C3 atom and dimethyl sulfonium group on C5 atom were synthesized. These PAGs were highly photosensitive in the 365–425 nm light-emitting diode region, and the intramolecular charge transfer from the pyrazoline ring to sulfonium salts induced efficient photolysis and high Φ_H⁺. The heterocycles as well as their substituted positions significantly influenced the energy of the S₂ orbital, which was determined by the electrochemical and absorption properties of the PAGs. The raising of the S₂ orbital energy enlarged the energy gap of S₀–S₂ and S₁–S₂, resulting in blue shift of the absorption spectra and increase in the quantum yield of photoacid generation (Φ_H⁺), respectively. When the energy of excited electrons was higher than that of the S₂ orbital, the transition from S₀ to S₂ (π–π*) occurred before the C-S cleavage on S₁ and the PAGs showed high Φ_H⁺ values (0.52–0.72). The transition from S₀ to S₁ (π–σ*) occurred when the energy of electrons is lower than that of the S₂ orbital, and the PAGs showed low Φ_H⁺ value. The photopolymerization kinetics demonstrated that these PAGs were highly efficient cationic photoinitiators.     

An efficient multigrid-FEM method for the simulation of solid–liquid two phase flows

An efficient multigrid-FEM method for the detailed simulation of solid–liquid two phase flows with large number of moving particles is presented. An explicit fictitious boundary method based on a FEM background grid which covers the whole computational domain and can be chosen independently from the particles of arbitrary shape, size and number is used to deal with the interactions between the fluid and the particles. Since the presented method treats the fluid part, the calculation of forces and the movement of particles in a subsequent manner, it is potentially powerful to efficiently simulate real particulate flows with huge number of particles. The presented method is first validated using a series of simple test cases, and then as an illustration, simulations of three big disks plunging into 2000 small particles, and of sedimentation of 10,000 particles in a cavity are presented.     

Computability of measurable sets via effective topologies

We investigate in the frame of TTE the computability of functions of the measurable sets from an infinite computable measure space such as the measure and the four kinds of set operations. We first present a series of undecidability and incomputability results about measurable sets. Then we construct several examples of computable topological spaces from the abstract infinite computable measure space, and analyze the computability of the considered functions via respectively each of the standard representations of the computable topological spaces constructed. The authors are supported by grants of NSFC and DFG.     

Synthesis of Non-precious N-doped Mesoporous Fe3O4/CoO@NC Materials towards Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Microbial Fuel Cells

N-doped transition metal oxides are strategic materials towards the efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Non-precious N-doped Fe₃O₄/CoO@NC−T (T represents carbonization temperature) catalysts are prepared by an efficient two-step strategy for ORR. Fe₃O₄/CoO@NC-750 exhibits the best performance with an efficient four-electron transfer pathway. The optimal power density of MFCs by using Fe₃O₄/CoO@NC-750 as the cathode catalyst (1243.4 mW ⋅ m⁻²) is superior to that of the MFCs with commercial Pt/C catalyst (1080 mW ⋅ m⁻²), which shows an outstanding activity towards ORR. No significant decrease in output voltage results over 70 days, which shows an excellent electrochemical stability.     

Synthesis and characterization of fluorine‐containing polybenzimidazole for proton conducting membranes in fuel cells

Two new kinds of fluorine‐containing polybenzimidazoles (PBI), poly(2,2′‐(tetrafluoro‐p‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole) and poly(2,2′‐tetradecafluoroheptylene‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole), were synthesized by condensation polymerization of 3,3′‐diaminobenzidine and perfluoroterephthalic acid (or perfluoroazelaic acid), with polyphosphoric acid as solvent. Thermogravimetric analysis results show that the fluorine‐containing polymers synthesized exhibit promising thermal stability. The film‐forming properties of the fluorine‐containing polymers are improved over nonfluorinated PBI. The introduction of fluorine into the backbone of the polymers has significant positive affection on their chemical oxidation stability demonstrated by Fenton test. Compared with poly(2,2′‐(m‐phenylene)‐5,5′‐bibenzimidazole)/phosphoric acid (PA) composite membrane, the resulting fluorinated membranes with a same PA doping level exhibit better flexibility and higher proton conductivity. The maximum proton conductivity gained is 3.05 × 10^?2 S/cm at 150 °C with a PA doping level of 7. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2115–2122, 2010     

3—乙酰基—6—甲基—二氢吡喃—2,4—（3H）二酮的晶体结构

3-乙酰基-6-甲基-二氢吡喃-2,4-(3H)-二酮,简称脱氢醋酸(缩写DHA),是一种有机中间体,也是一种优良的增塑剂。由于具有抗菌性,DHA及其衍生物已被广泛用于防毒和防腐。对它的合成方法、物理化学性质已有不少报道。本文报道DHA的晶体结构,并据     

新型生物医药实验用低温冷冻干燥机的研制

本课题设计的低温冷冻干燥机以液氮为低温冷源,通过电加热器加热液氮使之汽化,通过控制气体的压力,压出液氮。液氮被压出后流入硅油池的换热器同硅油进行充分换热。在硅油池底部布置一个电加热盘,通过调节加热量,精确控制硅油温度。特制的不锈钢搁板浸入硅油池中进行硅油浴,能够实现良好的传热。测控制系统由上位PC机与下位可编程控制器和数据采集模块共同组成,在PC机上可设置控制参数并进行监控,温度曲线可程序控制,数据采集模块能够自动采集、存储、上传各项数据,数据可以在PC机上处理。