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141.
We describe a multilayered open tubular anion exchange column fabricated by alternately pumping solutions of chitosan and glutaraldehyde. The column is terminated in an integrally bonded monolithic suppressor cast around a mandrel of a tungsten wire, composed of an acrylic acid (AA)-ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) monolith that is made with sufficient porogen for the monolith to function as a membrane. For a 4.5m long 75 μm bore column coated with 24 successive layers of the condensation polymer (estimated to contain ~72 molecular layers) and coupled to 1cm length of a suppressor fabricated with 55-60% AA, effective separation of several common anions (F(-), Cl(-), NO(2)(-), Br(-), NO(3)(-), average number of theoretical plates ~12,000) and adequate suppression of 1 mM KOH used as eluent was observed at a flow rate of 800 nL min(-1) to obtain sub-picomol detection limits at an operating pressure of ~1 bar. The separation is not time efficient but the system can be meritorious in unique niche applications where a small form factor is desired and liquid volume and power consumption are more important than separation speed. 相似文献
142.
We take a unified approach to central limit theorems for a class of irreducible multicolor urn models with constant replacement
matrix. Depending on the eigenvalue, we consider appropriate linear combinations of the number of balls of different colors.
Then under appropriate norming the multivariate distribution of the weak limits of these linear combinations is obtained and
independence and dependence issues are investigated. Our approach consists of looking at the problem from the viewpoint of
recursive equations. 相似文献
143.
Interference and measurement aspects for the double coil resonance experiment are reanalyzed. The resulting situation is analogous
to partial reduction of wave packet in quantum mechanics. Using convergence results of relative frequencies, magnitudes of
the intensity are calculated when prior probabilities are assigned to the coefficients associated with the states. 相似文献
144.
A.K. Ray S. Sinha S. Kundu S. Kumar K. Dasgupta 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2007,87(3):489-495
Water is an inherently safe solvent for laser dyes and posses far better photo thermal characteristics in comparison to the
commonly used organic solvents in dye lasers. However, water solution of dye needs a suitable deaggregating additive to suppress
non-radiative dimers and to achieve similar laser efficiency. We have carried out systematic studies on comparative performances
of dye lasers, pumped by low-repetition-rate Nd-YAG, as well as high-repetition-rate copper vapour lasers using Rhodamine
6G dye solutions in ethanol and various binary solvents of water. Among different additives in water, for the first time,
the results of our studies on the application of water solvent in dye lasers could clearly establish that binary solvent comprising
of normal or heavy water and about 18% to 25% n-propanol has produced similar efficiency, better photochemical stability and
superior thermo-optic properties than ethanol solvent in high-repetition rate oscillator-amplifier operation.
PACS 42.55.Mv; 32.50.+d; 42.70.jk 相似文献
145.
Janaki M.S. Dasgupta B. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1990,18(1):78-85
A solution has been attempted by means of the Helmholtz equation for an electromagnetic wave propagating in an empty torus in a system of toroidal coordinates. The electromagnetic fields are expressed in terms of the Hertz vector to obtain a scalar Helmholtz equation. The latter has been solved by making use of an inverse aspect ratio expansion of the solution. Unlike most previous workers, the authors have obtained their solutions in terms of hypergeometric functions whose static limit is the toroidal harmonics. The cylindrical solutions in terms of Bessel functions can also be recovered by taking the appropriate large aspect ratio limit. The eigenmodes, with arbitrary toroidal and poloidal mode numbers, have been obtained by applying the boundary conditions on the metallic walls of infinite conductivity, and they cannot be distinguished as TE or TM modes. Eigenfrequencies for various toroidal and poloidal mode numbers are plotted against the inverse aspect ratio. First-order approximations to the fields in the toroidal cavity have also been derived 相似文献
146.
Solares SD Dasgupta S Schultz PA Kim YH Musgrave CB Goddard WA 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2005,21(26):12404-12414
We report the structures and energies from first principles density functional calculations of 12 different reconstructed (111) surfaces of silicon, including the 3x3 to 9x9 dimer-adatom-stacking fault (DAS) structures. These calculations used the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation of density functional theory and Gaussian basis functions. We considered fully periodic slabs of various thicknesses. We find that the most stable surface is the DAS 7x7 structure, with a surface energy of 1.044 eV/1x1 cell (1310 dyn/cm). To analyze the origins of the stability of these systems and to predict energetics for more complex, less-ordered systems, we develop a model in which the surface energy is partitioned into contributions from seven different types of atom environments. This analysis is used to predict the surface energy of larger DAS structures (including their asymptotic behavior for very large unit cells) and to study the energetics of the sequential size change (SSC) model proposed by Shimada and Tochihara for the observed dynamical reconstruction of the Si(111) 1x1 structure. We obtain an energy barrier at the 2x2 cell size and confirm that the 7x7 regular stage of the SSC model (corresponding to the DAS 7x7 reconstruction) provides the highest energy reduction per unit cell with respect to the unreconstructed Si111 1x1 surface. 相似文献
147.
Motivated by recent observations of rheochaos in sheared wormlike micelles, we study the coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for the hydrodynamic velocity and order-parameter fields in a sheared nematogenic fluid. In a suitable parameter range, we find irregular, dynamic shear banding and establish by decisive numerical tests that the chaos we observe in the model is spatiotemporal in nature. 相似文献
148.
We consider the melting of the vortex solid in highly anisotropic layered superconductors with a small concentration of random columnar pinning centers. Using large-scale numerical minimization of a free-energy functional, we find that melting of the low-temperature, nearly crystalline vortex solid (Bragg glass) into a vortex liquid occurs in two steps as the temperature increases: the Bragg glass and liquid phases are separated by an intermediate Bose glass phase. A suitably defined local melting temperature exhibits spatial variation similar to that observed in experiments. 相似文献
149.
A critical study has been made of the masking of manganese with potassium cyanide in alkaline medium for complexometric titration of calcium and magnesium. It has been found that there is incomplete oxidation to manganese(III) unless the solution is aged for a sufficient period or air is bubbled through the solution at 35 ± 5° for 10 min. The manganese(III) complex can be reduced with ascorbic acid for titration with EDTA. Procedures are given for stepwise titration of magnesium, manganese and calcium in silicate materials. Mixed indicators are used, to improve the end-points. 相似文献
150.
P.N. Chakrabortty R. DasguptaS.K. Dasgupta S.R. Ghosh U.R. Ghatak 《Tetrahedron》1972,28(17):4653-4665
Two new synthetic routes to a number of tetracyclic intermediates, for the total synthesis of some diterpenoids incorporating the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety, are described. The syntheses of the bicyclo[3,2,1]octane derivatives begin with preparation of the hydroaromatic γ,δ-unsaturated acids 6, 15 and 17, and proceed via the α-diazomethyl ketones to the corresponding pentacyclic ketones 20, 24 and 26 by an intramolecular carbenoid insertion reaction, followed by a regiospecific acid-catalysed cleavage of the aromatic conjugated cyclopropane bond to the respective unsaturated ketones 27, 29 and 30. The second route to these unsaturated ketones involves a single step boron trifluoride etherate catalysed intramolecular alkylation in the corresponding α-diazomethyl ketones. The tetracyclic ketones 31, 34 and 35 were obtained in quantitative yields by a regiostereospecific hydrogenolytic cleavage of the aromatic conjugated cyclopropane bond in the respective pentacyclic precursors with PdC in ethanol. Under the same conditions, reduction of the styrenoid bond in the ketones 29 and 30 proceeds stereospecifically leading to 34 and 35 respectively, whereas the unsaturated ketone 27 gave a mixture of epimeric ketones 31 and 32 in a ratio of 69:31. 相似文献