Focus characteristics of long distance flying optics

The ABCD law for the complex parameterq of the TEM₀₀, Gaussian beam is generally not valid for high-order modes. It can be used for the high-order modes or their superposition when the spot sizew in the virtual part of the parameterq is substituted by the Rayleigh rangeZ _R, of a certain resonator. The focus characteristics of long distance flying optics are studied in this paper theoretically and experimentally for the TEM _mn Gaussian beams between the two types of resonators without and with distortion. It is very important for the applications of the flying optical processing, the laser space craft and the spatial filter in the large laser project.     

Improved correlation between animal and human potency of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs using quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs)

Animal models are known not to predict human responses well, in general. However, we have been able to demonstrate that, for a series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are or were in clinical use, the incorporation of two simple physicochemical properties results in excellent correlations between human and rodent potencies for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities. This has the potential to allow the use of historical data to improve drug development.     

Hydrogenation of

The course of the hydrogenation of [5]- and [6]metacyclophane (1b and 1c) and their thermochemistry is described. Both compounds are hydrogenated rapidly (within 10 s) to furnish the bridgehead olefins 13b and 12c. The accompanying hydrogenation enthalpies are -220 and -141 kJmol(-1), respectively. Strain energies (SE) and olefinic strains (OS) of a number of bridgehead olefins have been evaluated by DFT calculations; it was concluded that 13b belongs to the class of hyperstable olefins which correlates nicely with its reluctance to undergo hydrogenation. By combining experimental hydrogenation enthalpies and DFT calculations, SE of 187 and 121 kJmol(-1) were derived for 1b and 1c.