拓扑线性空间中的Drop定理和Phelps引理以及Ekeland变分原理

将Phelps引理,Ekland变分原理,Pareto有效性定理推广到拓扑线性空间,同时证明了这三个定理与郑喜印证明的拓扑线性空间中的Drop定理彼此等价.     

A 15N labelling,FD and FAB study of ammonia loss from protonated arginine molecules

The positive ion field desorption (FD) spectrum of arginine taken at the best anode temperature only contains a peak due to [M+H]⁺ ions. At higher emitter temperatures a considerable amount of fragmentation is induced and the [M+H NH₃]⁺ ions become most abundant. Specific ¹⁵N labelling reveals that the eliminated ammonia molecule, exclusively, contains one of the terminal nitrogen atoms of the guanidyl group. This also applies to the ammonia loss from metastably decomposing [M+H]⁺ ions. The positive ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) spectrum shows more fragmentation than the FD spectrum. In contrast with the FD results, the [M+H]⁺ ions generated upon FAB with ion lifetimes <10⁻⁶ s eliminate both ammonia containing one of the terminal nitrogen atoms of the guanidyl group and ammonia containing the α-amino group in the ratio of 1.35, as found by ¹⁵N labelling. The metastably decomposing [M+H]⁺ ions, however, eliminate only the former ammonia molecule. In the negative ion FD and FAB spectra no other peak than that corresponding to the [M H]⁻ ion is observed. Some attention has been paid to the thermal degradation of arginine on the basis of a few Curie-point pyrolysis experiments.     

Techniques for Generation of Supersaturation Applicable to the Precipitation of Barium Chromate

Possible techniques for generating supersaturation, which could be applied to precipitation of barium chromate from aqueous solution, are reviewed, and experimental work carried out to examine the feasibility of the more promising of these techniques are described. The process requirements of a reasonable rate of production of relatively large (∼ 100 μm) crystals of normal habit, are shown to be satisfied by the technique of precipitation from homogeneous solution (PFHS), employing urea hydrolysis to cause a controlled change in the solubility of barium chromate in an acidic aqueous medium. Some recent experimental work on urea hydrolysis, as applied to the precipitation of barium chromate, has been reanalysed and found to be in agreement with the generally accepted, pseudo-first order reaction model. The effects of urea hydrolysis on the precipitation process are discussed.     

Group Foundations of Quantum and Classical Dynamics : Towards a Globalization and Classification of Some of Their Structures

This paper is devoted to a constructiveand critical analysis of the structure of certain dynamical systems from a group manifold point of view recently developed. This approach is especially suitable for discussing the structure of the quantum theory, the classical limit, the Hamilton-Jacobi theory and other problems such as the definition and globalization of the Poincaré-Cartan form which appears in the variational approach to higher order dynamical systems. At the same time, i t opens a way for the classification of all hamiltonian and lagrangian systems associated with suitably defined dynamical groups. Both classical and quantum dynamics are discussed, and examples of all the different structures appearingin the theory are provided, including a treatment of constrained and generalized higher order dynamical systems.     

Bistability and explosive transients in surface reactions: the role of fluctuations and spatial correlations

We study the dynamics of a class of catalytic surface reactions in which an adsorbed molecule undergoes dissociation giving oxygen, which then rapidly reacts with H adatoms to give water. The reaction-diffusion equations predict bistability and explosive transients similar to those observed in several low-pressure experiments. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations reveal however that the dynamics can be strongly affected by spontaneous, inhomogeneous fluctuations of composition on the surface. In particular, bifurcation points can be displaced and the explosive character of the transients can be lost, depending on a subtle balance between the rate of reaction and the mobility of the decomposing species. These effects can be quantified on the basis of a stochastic formulation of the dynamics taking into account spatial correlations. This approach allows to better delimit the applicability of the traditional reaction-diffusion modelling in the case of reactions such as the reduction of NO _x or SO _x species on catalytic surfaces.     

Performance studies of a full-length prototype for the CASTOR forward calorimeter at the CMS experiment

The Time-Of-Flight detector (TOF) of the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC is based on Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs). The TOF detector consists of 152928 readout channels covering a total area of 141 m². In this paper the results of the calibration with cosmic-ray data collected during 2009 are presented.     

Testing metric-affine f(R)-gravity by relic scalar gravitational waves

We discuss the emergence of scalar gravitational waves in metric-affine f(R)-gravity. Such a component allows to discriminate between metric and metric-affine theories The intrinsic meaning of this result is that the geodesic structure of the theory can be discriminated. We extend the formalism of cross-correlation analysis, including the additional polarization mode, and calculate the detectable energy density of the spectrum for cosmological relic gravitons. The possible detection of the signal is discussed against the sensitivities of the VIRGO, LIGO and LISA interferometers.     

Delta shock wave for a 3 × 3 hyperbolic system of conservation laws

We study the one-dimensional Riemann problem for a hyperbolic system of three conservation laws of Temple class. The system is a simplification of a recently proposed system of five conservations laws by Bouchut and Boyaval that models viscoelastic fluids. An important issue is that the considered 3×3 system is such that every characteristic field is linearly degenerate. We study theRiemann problemfor this system and under suitable generalized Rankine-Hugoniot relation and entropy condition, both existence and uniqueness of particular delta shock type solutions are established.     

Applications of liquid crystals in biosensing and organic light-emitting devices: future aspects

ABSTRACT

This article summarises recent advances made in our laboratory towards the development of new technological applications, such as biosensors and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on liquid crystals (LCs) other than LC displays. The study of biomolecular interaction using LC material relies on the specific interaction between the LC and the biomolecule of interest at interfaces that permit the biomolecular events to be amplified into easily measured signals for various sensing applications. In the first part, we emphases recent studies in the design and modulation of LC-based interfaces based on robust colloidal LC gels for biological amplification, qualitative and quantitative understanding of important biomolecular interactions at LC–aqueous interfaces for diagnostic and laboratory applications and design of LC droplets that hold promise to act as a marker for cells and cell-based interactions. In the second part, we described design of organic materials for application in OLEDs on various discotic monomers, dimers and oligomers. These molecules have the ability to transport charges, holes and electrons. In addition, because of the high conductivity and π–π stacking, they are considered as the advanced materials for practical applications. The technological advances in our laboratory using discotic LCs will be briefly presented in this article.     

Disposable pipette tips extraction: Fundamentals,applications and state of the art

Disposable pipette tips extraction consists of a solid‐phase extraction in which the sorbent is poorly dispersed in a pipette tip, which allows a quick and dynamic contact between the aspirated analyte from the sample and the solid phase. It is a technique used particularly in food and forensic analysis, since it requires a small amount of sample and solvent. This article highlights the principles, advantages and disadvantages of the disposable pipette tips extraction method and reviews recent applications.