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1.
2.
Xiaojuan Hao Camilla Nilsson Martin Jesberger Martina H. Stenzel Eva Malmstrm Thomas P. Davis Emma
stmark Christopher Barner‐Kowollik 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(23):5877-5890
The synthesis and characterization of novel first‐ and second‐generation true dendritic reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents carrying 6 or 12 pendant 3‐benzylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanylpropionic acid RAFT end groups with Z‐group architecture based on 1,1,1‐hydroxyphenyl ethane and trimethylolpropane cores are described in detail. The multifunctional dendritic RAFT agents have been used to prepare star polymers of poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) and polystyrene (PS) of narrow polydispersities (1.4 < polydispersity index < 1.1 for PBA and 1.5 < polydispersity index < 1.3 for PS) via bulk free‐radical polymerization at 60 °C. The novel dendrimer‐based multifunctional RAFT agents effect an efficient living polymerization process, as evidenced by the linear evolution of the number‐average molecular weight (Mn) with the monomer–polymer conversion, yielding star polymers with molecular weights of up to Mn = 160,000 g mol?1 for PBA (based on a linear PBA calibration) and up to Mn = 70,000 g mol?1 for PS (based on a linear PS calibration). A structural change in the chemical nature of the dendritic core (i.e., 1,1,1‐hydroxyphenyl ethane vs trimethylolpropane) has no influence on the observed molecular weight distributions. The star‐shaped structure of the generated polymers has been confirmed through the cleavage of the pendant arms off the core of the star‐shaped polymeric materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5877–5890, 2004 相似文献
3.
The issues involved in teaching English language learners mathematics while they are learning English pose many challenges for mathematics teachers and highlight the need to focus on language-processing issues related to teaching mathematical content. Two realistic-type problems from high-stakes tests are used to illustrate the complex interactions between culture, language, and mathematical learning. The analyses focus on aspects of the problems that potentially increase cognitive demands for second-language learners. An analytical framework is presented that is designed to enable mathematics teachers to identify critical elements in problems and the learning environment that contribute to increased cognitive demands for students of English as a second language. The framework is proposed as a cycle of teacher reflection that would extend a constructivist model of teaching to include broader linguistic, cultural, and cognitive processing issues of mathematics teaching, as well as enable teachers to develop more accurate mental models of student learning. 相似文献
4.
A new parallel storm surge model, the Parallel Environmental Model (PEM), is developed and tested by comparisons with analytic solutions. The PEM is a 2‐D vertically averaged, wetting and drying numerical model and can be operated in explicit, semi‐implicit and fully implicit modes. In the implicit mode, the propagation, Coriolis and bottom friction terms can all be treated implicitly. The advection and diffusion terms are solved with a parallel Eulerian–Lagrangian scheme developed for this study. The model is developed specifically for use on parallel computer systems and will function accordingly in either explicit of implicit modes. Storm boundary conditions are based on a simple exponential decay of pressure from the centre of a storm. The simulated flooding caused by a major Category 5 hurricane making landfall in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida is then presented as an example application of the PEM. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
5.
G. M. Luke L. P. Le B. J. Sternlieb Y. J. Uemura J. H. Brewer R. Kadono R. F. Kiefl S. R. Kreitzman T. M. Riseman C. E. Stronach M. Davis S. Uchida H. Takagi Y. Tokura Y. Hidaka T. Murakami E. A. Early J. T. Markert M. B. Maple C. L. Seaman 《Hyperfine Interactions》1991,63(1-4):311-317
We report muon spin relaxation/rotation measurements on sintered powder samples of Nd2−x
Ce
x
CuO4−y
and a large single crystal of Nd2CuO4−y
. We find an electronic phase diagram which is quite similar to that of hole-doped superconductors such as La2−x
Sr
x
CuO4−y
, although the doping of electrons into the system is less efficient in destroying the static moments on the copper spins.
Static magnetic order in Nd2CuO4−y
appears below about 250 K, and two spin reorientations are seen atT=75 K andT=35 K. Measurements of the magnetic field penetration depth have been unsuccessful due to the rare-earth paramagnetism of
these materials. 相似文献
6.
John M. Davis Ian A. Gravagne 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2007,332(2):1291-1307
In this work, we reexamine the time scale Laplace transform as defined by Bohner and Peterson [M. Bohner, A. Peterson, Dynamic Equations on Time Scales: An Introduction with Applications, Birkhäuser, Boston, 2001; M. Bohner, A. Peterson, Laplace transform and Z-transform: Unification and extension, Methods Appl. Anal. 9 (1) (2002) 155-162]. In particular, we give conditions on the class of functions which have a transform, develop an inversion formula for the transform, and further, we provide a convolution for the transform. The notion of convolution leads to considering its algebraic structure—in particular the existence of an identity element—motivating the development of the Dirac delta functional on time scales. Applications and examples of these concepts are given. 相似文献
7.
8.
E. A. Davis A. Singh S. F. J. Cox S. R. Kreitzman T. L. Estle B. Hitti R. L. Lichti R. DuVarney 《Hyperfine Interactions》1994,86(1):705-710
Studies of the muonium fractions in the amorphous oxide a-SiO have been carried out by RF resonance at TRIUMF, Canada and LF repolarization techniques at RAL, U.K. The resonance measurements confirm the presence of the interstitial Mu centre in this intermediate oxide of silicon. Analysis of the data gathered at RAL, using a recently-developed fitting technique, reveals that the Mu* state is present here as well, but with lower relative fractions than in a-Si. However, as in the latter material, but in contrast to c-Si, this bond-centre species appears to be stable up to room temperature. 相似文献
9.
Nathalie Charton Achim Feldermann Alexander Theis Martina H. Stenzel Thomas P. Davis Christopher Barner‐Kowollik 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(21):5559-5559
The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem (2004) 42(20) 5170–5179. No abstract. 相似文献
10.
Hydrogenated amorphous GaP films have been prepared by reactive rf sputtering. Infrared spectroscopy, optical transmission and reflection, photothermal deflection spectroscopy and dc conductivity have been studied to investigate the local bonding configurations, the optical absorption edges and the temperature dependence of the conductivity as a function of hydrogen content. The results are discussed and compared with the effects of hydrogenation on amorphous Si. 相似文献