Odd-Excited Binomial States of the Radiation Field and Some of Their Statistical Properties

In this paper a new state called odd-excited binomial state (OEBS) is introduced. It interpolates between the odd number state and the odd-excited coherent state. We discuss some statistical properties, such as the Glauber second-order correlation function and squeezing phenomenon (normal and amplitude-squared squeezing) for this state. The quasiprobability distribution functions (Husimi Q-function and Wigner W-function) are also examined.     

Sampling with a String

Kramer's sampling theorem forms a bridge between the Whittaker-Shannon-Kotel'nikov sampling theorem and boundary-value problems. It has been shown that sampling expansions associated with Sturm-Liouville boundary-value problems are Lagrange-type sampling series, i.e., Lagrange series with infinitely many terms converging to entire functions. String theory as developed by Feller, Kac, and Krein, is a generalization of the Sturm-Liouville theory. We investigate sampling series associated with strings and compare them with those associated with Sturm-Liouville problems. We show that unlike sampling series associated with Sturm-Liouville problems, those associated with strings include not only Lagrange-type sampling series, but also Lagrange polynomial interpolation.     

Growth of InP/InGaAs multiple quantum well structures by chemical beam epitaxy

InP/InGaAs multiple quantum well structures with up to 200 periods have been grown by CBE. These structures exhibit exceptional lateral uniformity, measured as ±1 Å in period, ±13 ppm in lattice mismatch and ±0.5 nm in wavelength across a 2 inch wafer. Good surface morphology, sharp interfaces and excellent growth control have all been demonstrated.     

Electroanalysis with tungsten electrodes : I. The tungsten/platinum bimetallic pair in potentiometry at zero current

The W/Pt bimetallic pair has been applied in various potentiometric titrations. Except for the neutralization of dicarboxylic acids, e.g., oxalic, the pair is suitable for neutralization titrations where ΔE/ΔV values at the equivalence point are higher on W than on Pt. Tungsten oxides increase the inflexion pd. The pair is also suitable for oxidation/reduction titrations using permanganate, dichromate, and ceric sulfate, and for precipitation reactions with silver nitrate. However, it gives a small inflexion pd in the oxidation of thiosulfate by iodine. EDTA titrations of copper, magnesium, and calcium give a sharp inflexion in the case of copper only. This pair may be useful in routine analyses requiring a robust electrode assembly but not a high degree of accuracy.     

Synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-lactams

A convenient synthesis of α-hydroxy-β-lactams has been devised that involves the annelation of an inline with benzyloxyacetyl chloride and triethylamine and subsequent hydrogenolysis in the presence of palladium on carbon. In most cases a cis-β-lactam was obtained. A thioimidate can also be used as the imino component in the annelation reaction but the hydrogenolysis step fails. The annelation of the appropriate thiazoline to a 6-epi-penicillin derivative occurred much more readily with benzyloxyacetyl chloride than with azidoacetyl chloride.     

The use of Omega Chrome Fast Blue 2G in the microdetermination of some metals

Summary Omega Chrome Fast Blue 2G has been found to be a suitable indicator for the detection of the equivalence point of calcium, magnesium and manganese in the presence of cadmium, nickel, and aluminium, when they are masked by the addition of cyanide or triethanolamine. It is also a suitable indicator for the back titration of aluminium using calcium or magnesium as a back titrant.This dye has also been found to be a suitable reagent for the colorimetric determination of calcium, magnesium, manganese and thorium.     

Conductivity of carbon black-loaded styrene–butadiene rubber

Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) charged with 50 phr of HAF carbon black has been found to show a positive temperature coefficient of resistivity close to 0.07/°C at 27°C. Beyond a point (75°C) of minimum conductivity, however, it behaves as a normal noncrystalline semiconductor with a resistivity which decreases with rise of temperature with an activation energy of 0.56 eV. Blending the composition with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) shifts the minimum towards lower temperatures. The descending branch of the conductivity versus reciprocal absolute temperature characteristic is probably associated with thermal expansion of tunnelling paths separating the conducting carbon particles.     

Factors affecting electrical conductivity of carbon black-loaded rubber. II. Effect of concentration and type of carbon black on electrical conductivity of SBR

Effect of the concentration of four types of carbon black, namely, HAF, FEF, ISAF and GPF, on the electrical conductivity of SBR (1502) was studied. The anomalous behavior of conductivity [σ_min in σ(T) curves] becomes more pronounced as we approach a characteristic value of carbon concentration, F₀, at which maximum anomaly occurs; F₀ was found to depend on the type of carbon black. Moreover, the depth of the valley shape of the σ(T) curve increases with the particle size of carbon black used.