Chromatographische trennung von metallionen durch elution mit ammoniumsulfat: Bestimmung von magnesium,calcium und strontium in salzreichen wässern

The chromatographic separation of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe(II, III) and Mn(II) by elution with ammonium sulphate solution from Dowex 50–X₁₀ was studied. The optimum conditions for the separation of the alkaline earths from each other were established. The method was applied for the separation of Mg, Ca and Sr in salt waters; Mg and Ca were determined by EDTA titration and Sr spectrographically, the coefficient of variation being 1.9% for Mg and 1.4% for Ca.     

Hydrophobization of glass surface by adsorption of poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Silica or glass particles are introduced in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) matrix for various applications. A particular feature of these systems is that PDMS adsorbs on the surface of the dispersed particles, thus rendering them more hydrophobic with time. The mechanism of this process of in situ hydrophobization is still poorly understood. The major aims of the present study are (1) to quantify the rate of surface hydrophobization by PDMS and, on this basis, to discuss the mechanism of the process; (2) to compare the contact angles of surfaces that are hydrophobized by different procedures and are placed in contact with different fluid interfaces-PDMS-water, hexadecane-water, and air-water; and (3) to check how the type of surfactant affects the contact angles, viz., the effective hydrophobicity of the surface. We present experimental results for the kinetics of hydrophobization of glass surfaces, which are characterized by measuring the three-phase contact angle of glass-surfactant solution-PDMS. The data reveal two consecutive stages in the hydrophobization process: The first stage is relatively fast and the contact angle increases from 0 degrees to about 90 degrees within several minutes. This stage is explained with the physical adsorption of the PDMS chains, as a result of hydrogen-bond formation with the surface silanol groups. The second stage is much slower and hours or days are required at room temperature to reach the final contact angle (typically, 150-160 degrees). This stage is explained as grafting of the PDMS molecules on the surface by chemical reaction with the surface silanol groups. If the glass surface had been pretreated by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), so that CH(3) groups had blocked most of the surface silanol groups, the first stage in the hydrophobization process is almost missing-the contact angle slowly changes at room temperature from about 90 degrees up to 120 degrees. The experiments aimed to compare several hydrophobization procedures showed that PDMS ensures larger contact angle (more hydrophobic surface) than grafted alkyl chains. The contact angles at the PDMS-water and hexadecane-water interfaces were found to be very similar to each other, and much larger than that at the air-water interface. Interestingly, we found that the ionic surfactants practically do not affect the contact angle of PDMS-hydrophobized surface, whereas the nonionic surfactants reduce this angle. Similar trends are expected with silica surfaces, as well.     

Implementation of NLO QCD corrections into the framework of computer system SANC

The QCD sector of the system SANC is presented. The QCD theoretical predictions for several processes of high-energy interactions of fundamental particles at the one-loop precision level for up to some 3- and 4-particle processes are implemented. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Chromatographische trennung von calcium und strontium durch elution mit ammoniumsulfatlösung

A method is described for the chromatographic separation of calcium and strontium adsorbed on a cation-exchange resin, by means of elution with ammonium sulphate solution. The method is suitable for Ca : Sr ratios ? 1. The separated elements can be determined directly in the eluate.     

Inverse stochastic dominance constraints and rank dependent expected utility theory

We consider optimization problems with second order stochastic dominance constraints formulated as a relation of Lorenz curves. We characterize the relation in terms of rank dependent utility functions, which generalize Yaari's utility functions. We develop optimality conditions and duality theory for problems with Lorenz dominance constraints. We prove that Lagrange multipliers associated with these constraints can be identified with rank dependent utility functions. The problem is numerically tractable in the case of discrete distributions with equally probable realizations. Research supported by the NSF awards DMS-0303545, DMS-0303728, DMI-0354500 and DMI-0354678.     

Electroweak radiative corrections to deep inelastic scattering at HERA. Charged current scattering

Analytic results are presented on electroweak radiative corrections for charged-current deep-inelastic electron proton scattering at HERA energies. Single photon bremsstrahlung is included without cuts.     

Subregular recourse in nonlinear multistage stochastic optimization

We consider nonlinear multistage stochastic optimization problems in the spaces of integrable functions. We allow for nonlinear dynamics and general objective functionals, including dynamic risk measures. We study causal operators describing the dynamics of the system and derive the Clarke subdifferential for a penalty function involving such operators. Then we introduce the concept of subregular recourse in nonlinear multistage stochastic optimization and establish subregularity of the resulting systems in two formulations: with built-in nonanticipativity and with explicit nonanticipativity constraints. Finally, we derive optimality conditions for both formulations and study their relations.

     

Two-stage stochastic optimization problems with stochastic ordering constraints on the recourse

We consider two-stage risk-averse stochastic optimization problems with a stochastic ordering constraint on the recourse function. Two new characterizations of the increasing convex order relation are provided. They are based on conditional expectations and on integrated quantile functions: a counterpart of the Lorenz function. We propose two decomposition methods to solve the problems and prove their convergence. Our methods exploit the decomposition structure of the risk-neutral two-stage problems and construct successive approximations of the stochastic ordering constraints. Numerical results confirm the efficiency of the methods.     

Prediction and observation of crystal structures of oppositely charged colloids

We studied crystal structures in mixtures of large and small oppositely charged spherical colloids with size ratio 0.31 using Monte Carlo simulations and confocal microscopy. We developed an interactive method based on simulated annealing to predict new binary crystal structures with stoichiometries from 1 to 8. Employing these structures in Madelung energy calculations using a screened Coulomb potential, we constructed a ground-state phase diagram, which shows a remarkably rich variety of crystals. Our phase diagram displays colloidal analogs of simple-salt structures and of the doped fullerene C60 structures, but also novel structures that do not have an atomic or molecular analog. We found three of the predicted structures experimentally, which provides confidence that our method yields reliable results.