Thermal properties of textile fabrics

Objective evaluation techniques were used in this study of thermal properties of textile fabric. The Alambeta, P tester, and Togmeter measure the passages of air which were used for evaluation of the physiological properties. Fibrous materials were prepared in the form of textile knitting fabric COOLMAX. It is clear from the measurement that there are considerable differences in the results of measurement with described methods. Device Alambeta is convenient for the measurement and evaluation of various thermal properties. Finally, it can be concluded that this field of measurements is developing and will be the subject of further research of other methods, more suitable for measurement of the various characteristics.     

Thermal analysis of hydrogen bonded benzoic acid liquid crystals

Novel homologous series of supramolecular hydrogen bonded liquid crystals have been investigated. Hydrogen bonds are formed between p-n octyloxy benzoic acid and various p-n alkyloxy benzoic acids whose carbon chain length varied from pentyl to dodecyl. These complexes are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Phase diagram is constructed from POM and DSC data. The order of the phase transitions is determined by Navard and Cox ratio (N _R). Characteristic phases like nematic, smectic C, and smectic F are identified. A new smectic ordering observed in this series is investigated by constructing phase diagram obtained from two binary mixtures of the present homologs. Inter-digitation of lamellar layers is observed to be one of the reasons for the occurrence of new smectic ordering. Optical tilt angle in smectic C phase is fitted to a power law. The magnitude of exponent of the power law is found to concur with the Mean Field theory predicted value.     

Molecularly imprinted polyaniline-polyvinyl sulphonic acid composite based sensor for para-nitrophenol detection

We report results of the studies relating to the fabrication and characterization of a conducting polymer based molecularly imprinted para-nitrophenol (PNP) sensor. A water pollutant, para-nitrophenol is electrochemically imprinted with polyvinyl sulphonic acid (PVSA) doped polyaniline onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. This PNP imprinted electrode (PNPI-PANI-PVSA/ITO) prepared via chronopotentiometric polymerization and over-oxidation is characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR), UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, contact angle (CA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) studies. The response studies of PNPI-PANI-PVSA/ITO electrode carried out using DPV reveal a lower detection limit of 1 × 10⁻³ mM, improved sensitivity as 1.5 × 10⁻³ A mM⁻¹ and stability of 45 days. The PNPI-PANI-PVSA/ITO electrode shows good precision with relative standard deviation of 2.1% and good reproducibility with standard deviation of 3.78%.     

Chromatography-Based Determination of Anabolic Steroids in Biological Fluids: Future Prospects Using Electrochemistry and Miniaturized Microchip Device

Anabolic steroids form one of the important classes of doping agents and their consumption has been found to give benefits to the athletes. Inspite of the fact that they also produce adverse effects and damage several organs and systems, their consumption is continuously increasing in competitive games. The World Anti-Doping Agency and International Olympic Committee have banned the use of anabolic steroids and several other compounds. This article focuses an over view of various chromatographic techniques commonly used for detecting anabolic steroids and their metabolites during last 3 years in human biological fluids to establish the cases of doping. The possibility of electrochemistry- and microchip-based techniques have been considered as possible techniques for future to achieve simple and fast analysis at the site of competitive games as the first tool to detect the cases of doping.     

Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Some Novel 2,5,9,10-Tetrahydro [7,8-g]benzo-8-arylpyrazolo[4,5-e][1,5-b]benzoxazonine via Phase Transfer Catalysis

Treatment of 1H-4,5-dihydro-3-aryl-5-(2-hydroxyaryl)pyrazole with o-dibromoxylene under liquid-liquid phase transfer catalytic conditions using tetra-n-butylammonium hydrogen sulphate or [18]-crown-6 as PT catalyst, benzene/chloroform as organic phase and 50% aqueous potassium hydroxide as second phase, afforded novel 2,5,9,10-tetrahydro [7,8-g] benzo-8-arylpyrazolo[4,5-e] [1,5-b] benzoxazonines.     

Solvent-Free Esterification of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols in the Presence of Silphos [PCl3-n(SiO2)n] as a Heterogeneous Phosphine Reagent

An efficient solvent-free method for the preparation of esters from various aromatic and aliphatic acids with primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols using a heterogeneous phosphine reagent, silphos [PCl_3-n(SiO₂)_n], in good yields is reported.     

Intensification of Cross-Cannizzaro Reaction in Two-Phase System: m-Phenoxybenzaldehyde and m-Bromobenzaldehyde with Formaldehyde

The cross-Cannizzaro reaction of m-phenoxybenzaldehyde and m-bromobenzaldehyde with aqueous formaldehyde in a two-phase system can be intensified and made more selective by using hydrotropes; cationic surfactants do not improve selectivity.     

One-Pot Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles Using MoO3/SiO2, an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst

A simple one-pot synthesis has been developed for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles using an efficient and recyclable MoO₃/SiO₂ solid acid catalyst by condensation of benzil or benzoin, benzaldehyde, and ammonium acetate in acetonitrile as a solvent. Using this solid catalyst, the reactions could be carried out under mild reaction conditions with very good yield of imidazoles, up to 95%. This catalyst could be recycled very easily, which makes this methodology environmentally benign.     

Water mediated deprotective intramolecular hydroamination of N-propargylaminopyridines: synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines

Metal-free synthesis of substituted imidazole [1,2-a]pyridines from deprotective N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)pyridin-2-amines in water is elucidated. Electron releasing substituents on pyridine ring provided pure products in quantitative yields without separation by column chromatography.