Click chemistry in materials synthesis. III. Metal‐adhesive polymers from Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition

1,2,3‐Triazole‐based polymers generated from the Cu(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition between multivalent azides and acetylenes are effective adhesive materials for metal surfaces. The adhesive capacities of candidate mixtures of azide and alkyne components were measured by a modified peel test, using a customized adhesive tester. A particularly effective tetravalent alkyne and trivalent azide combination was identified, giving exceptional strength that matches or exceeds the best commercial formulations. The addition of Cu catalyst was found to be important for the synthesis of stronger adhesive polymers when cured at room temperature. Heating also accelerated curing rates, but the maximum adhesive strengths achieved at both room temperature and high temperature were the same, suggesting that crosslinking reaches the same advanced point in all cases. Polytriazoles also form adhesives to aluminum, but copper is bound more effectively, presumably because active Cu(I) ions may be leached from the surface to promote crosslinking and adhesion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5182–5189, 2007     

Mathematical modeling of crystallization analysis fractionation (Crystaf) of polyethylene

Four polyethylene samples (PE) with different molecular weight distributions (MWD) were analyzed by crystallization analysis fractionation (Crystaf) at several cooling rates to investigate the effect of MWD and cooling rate on their Crystaf profiles. Using these results, we developed a mathematical model for Crystaf that considers crystallization kinetic effects, which are ignored in all previous Crystaf models. The Crystaf model we proposed can fit the experimental Crystaf profiles of the 4 polyethylene resins very well. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2749–2759, 2006     

Aluminum(III) complexes containing O,O chelating ligand

The stoichiometric reactions of trimethylaluminum with 2,6‐(MeOCH₂)₂C₆H₃OH (LH) revealed compounds L₃Al ( 1 ) and L₂AlMe ( 2 ). On the other hand reaction of 1 equiv. of LH with trimethylaluminum did not lead to the formation of complex LAlMe₂ ( 3 ), rather 2 together with Me₃Al were observed as a result of a disproportionation of 3 . Compounds 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and in the case of 1 by X‐ray diffraction. Derivative 2 underwent transmetalation with Ph₃SnOH, giving LSnPh₃ ( 4 ) as the result of a migration of ligand L from the aluminum to the tin atom. The identity of 4 was established by elemental analysis, ¹H, ¹³C and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR spectroscopy and ¹H, ¹¹⁹Sn HMBC experiments. The system 2 and B(C₆F₅)₃ in a 1:1 molar ratio was shown to be active in the polymerization of propylene oxide and ε‐caprolactone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asymmetry and magnetism in bis(oximato)-bridged heterobimetallic compounds: a computational approach

A density functional study of exchange coupling was carried out for a series of heterobinuclear oximato-bridged transition metal complexes. Model calculations were used to examine the influence of the electronic configuration of the metal atoms on the coupling constants. This analysis was complemented by a study of the variation of the coupling constant with the most usual structural distortions within this family of compounds. The influence of the nature of the terminal ligands as well as that of the symmetry on the bridge were also investigated.     

PPP-Berechnungen und Vergleich der Elektronenspektren von iso-π-elektronischen Sauerstoff-, Stickstoff-, Schwefel- und Selenheterocyclen

Zusammenfassung 42 Heterocyclen, die sich formal von alternierenden und nichtalternierenden Kohlenwasserstoffen durch Ersatz einer Doppelbindung durch die Heteroatome Sauerstoff, Stickstoff, Schwefel und Selen ableiten, werden nach dem Pariser-Parr-Pople-Verfahren berechnet und ihre Spektren im nahen Ultraviolett und Sichtbaren beschrieben. Schwefel und Selen werden dabei im LCAO-MO-Verfahren nach dem p-Modell behandelt. In den meisten Fällen können die Berechnungen nicht nur die spektralen Charakteristika gut wiedergeben, sondern auch Beziehungen in den Spektren iso--elektronischer Verbindungen gleicher Struktur verständlich machen. Berechnungen an kationischen Stickstoffheterocyclen führten dann zu falschen Ergebnissen, wenn die Stickstoffparameter vom Pyrroltyp übernommen werden.

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PPP-calculations and comparison of electronic spectra of iso--electronic oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and selenium heterocycles

42 heterocyclic compounds, formally derived from alternant or nonalternant hydrocarbons by replacing a C=C group by an oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or selenium atom, are studied by the Pariser-Parr-Pople-type of calculation. By means of these results the near ultraviolet and visible spectra are described. The sulfur and the selenium atoms are treated in the LCAO-MO-method using the p-model. In most cases spectral features are not only well reproduced, but interrelations of the spectra of iso--electronic compounds, possessing analogous structures are interpreted, too. On calculating cationic nitrogen heterocycles using parameters of pyrrol type nitrogen results are unsatisfactory.

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Résumé 42 composés hétérocycliques, formellement dérivés d'hydrocarbures alternants ou non alternants par remplacement d'un groupement C=C par un atome d'oxygène, d'azote, de soufre ou de sélénium, sont étudiés par la méthode de Pariser-Parr-Pople. Les résultats obtenus permettent de décrire le spectre U.V. proche et visible. Soufre et sélénium sont traités en utilisant le modèle p. Dans la plupart des cas les caractères spectraux sont non seulement correctement reproduits, mais les relations entre les spectres des composés iso--électroniques à structures analogues peuvent être interprétées. Les calculs concernant les heterocycles à azote cationique sont insatisfaisants lorsqu'ils sont effectués avec des paramètres de l'azote du type pyrrole.

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Anmerkung: Die Arbeit wurde in dem von Prof. Dr. R. Mayer geleiteten Schwefelarbeitskreis der TU Dresden durchgeführt.     

Method for measuring the electron distribution function in the low temperature plasma with a high time resolution

A hybrid method for measuring the electron distribution function in the low temperature plasma is described. The time resolution of the measurement is of the order of several sec.     

Indirect spectrophotometric determination of cyanide

A spectrophotometric method for cyanide based on its inhibition of the colour formation reaction between nickel(II) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolylazo)-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid has been developed, and allows the determination of down to 0.1 g of cyanide. Most of the interferences can be avoided by displacement of the hydrogen cyanide using an arsine generator.