Synthesis of 2,2'-dihydroxybisphenols and antiviral activity of some bisphenol derivatives

New diphenylmethane-type 2,2'-dihydroxybisphenols (5a-d) were prepared regioselectively in good yields. We evaluated the antiviral activity of some bisphenol derivatives synthesized by the plaque reduction assay. Most of the compounds showed significant antiviral activity and the 4,4'-dihydroxybisphenol derivative (10) showed higher activity than 2,2'-bisphenol derivatives. This compound had EC50 value of 1.8 microg/ml.     

Kinetic Studies of Solvent and Pressure Effects on the Thermal Isomerization of Palladium Dithizonate

IntroductionThe photo-and thermo-chromisms of organometallic compounds have been intensivelystudied during thelast1 0 years.Meriwetheretal.[1 ,2 ] examined the chromic behaviorofmet-al-dithizone(phenyldiazenecarbothionic acid2 -phenylhydrazide) complexesin detail.From thekinetic and infrared studies,they showed thatthe central metal of a dithizonate complex de-termined the photochemical stability,the rate of the thermal return reaction,and the colorofthe dithizonate complex.As reported by Mer…     

Concentration dependence of excluded volume effects

The concentration dependence of the excluded volume effects in polymer solutions is investigated. Through thermodynamic arguments for the interpenetration of polymer segments and the free energy change, we show that the disappearance of the excluded volume effects should occur at medium concentration. The result is in accord with the recent experimental observations.     

Reflection of an impulsive torsional wave by a moving boundary

Reflection of an impulsive torsional wave by a uniformly moving surface/boundary is discussed. Applying the Cagniard–de Hoop technique, the solution for the reflected wave is obtained in the closed form and a new wave that runs along the moving boundary has been found. Its wave front singularity is stronger than those of the incident and the regular reflected waves. This new wave has the cylindrical surface, but the shape of the disturbed region is a torus with a triangular-like cross section.     

Scalar wave analysis of distributed and moving sources by means of Huygens construction

The present paper presents several applications of wave front construction associated with stationary distributed and moving point sources. The scalar wave equation which is used models both isotropic and anisotropic media, in which the displacement is parallel to an axis of symmetry and is independent of distance along the axis. The stationary sources are distributed along parabolic and hyperbolic curves, while the point source is subjected to both uniform and accelerating motion along a straight line, uniform motion around a circular path and back and forth motion along a straight line. The wave fronts are constructed explicitly by the method of envelopes and special attention is paid to the formation of cusps on the wave front. If the method presented here for wave front analysis is carried out in advance, then one can gain a better insight into expected motion behind the wave front.     

Plane SH-waves in harmonically inhomogeneous elastic media

This paper considers the oblique propagation of a plane SH-wave in an inhomogeneous elastic medium whose material properties vary harmonically with a space variable. Assuming a small deviation in the harmonic variation, the method of multiple scales is applied and approximate solutions are obtained for three types of the medium.Effects of oblique propagation of SH-waves on a resonant frequency and on an unstable region of wave propagation are discussed. Effects on the reflection coefficient at a stress-free boundary when the wave propagates in a semi-infinite space are also discussed.     

Identification and characterization of component organic and glycosidic acids of crude resin glycoside fraction from Calystegia soldanella

Alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycoside fraction of the leaves, stems, and roots of Calystegia soldanella ROEM. et SCHULT. (Convolvulaceae) gave four new glycosidic acids, named calysolic acids A, B, C, and D, along with one known glycosidic acid, soldanellic acid B, and three organic acids, 2S-methylbutyric, tiglic, and 2S,3S-nilic acids. The structures of the new glycosidic acids were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence.     

Effect of static pressure on acoustic energy radiated by cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids under ultrasound

The effect of static pressure on acoustic emissions including shock-wave emissions from cavitation bubbles in viscous liquids under ultrasound has been studied by numerical simulations in order to investigate the effect of static pressure on dispersion of nano-particles in liquids by ultrasound. The results of the numerical simulations for bubbles of 5 μm in equilibrium radius at 20 kHz have indicated that the optimal static pressure which maximizes the energy of acoustic waves radiated by a bubble per acoustic cycle increases as the acoustic pressure amplitude increases or the viscosity of the solution decreases. It qualitatively agrees with the experimental results by Sauter et al. [Ultrason. Sonochem. 15, 517 (2008)]. In liquids with relatively high viscosity (～200 mPa s), a bubble collapses more violently than in pure water when the acoustic pressure amplitude is relatively large (～20 bar). In a mixture of bubbles of different equilibrium radius (3 and 5 μm), the acoustic energy radiated by a 5 μm bubble is much larger than that by a 3 μm bubble due to the interaction with bubbles of different equilibrium radius. The acoustic energy radiated by a 5 μm bubble is substantially increased by the interaction with 3 μm bubbles.     

Lewis Acid Mediated Addition of Tri-n-Butylstannylmethylisoxazole with Aldehydes

Lewis acid mediated addition of 5-(tri-n-butylstannyl)methyl-3-methylisoxazole and its analogues with aldehydes have been carried out. Corresponding 5-(β-hydroxy)ethylisoxazoles were obtained in moderate yields, without ring opening of the isoxazole.