全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15947篇 |
免费 | 743篇 |
国内免费 | 139篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10835篇 |
晶体学 | 105篇 |
力学 | 436篇 |
数学 | 2761篇 |
物理学 | 2692篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 139篇 |
2022年 | 191篇 |
2021年 | 337篇 |
2020年 | 405篇 |
2019年 | 388篇 |
2018年 | 259篇 |
2017年 | 226篇 |
2016年 | 609篇 |
2015年 | 479篇 |
2014年 | 567篇 |
2013年 | 879篇 |
2012年 | 1128篇 |
2011年 | 1320篇 |
2010年 | 676篇 |
2009年 | 586篇 |
2008年 | 989篇 |
2007年 | 947篇 |
2006年 | 935篇 |
2005年 | 841篇 |
2004年 | 729篇 |
2003年 | 504篇 |
2002年 | 523篇 |
2001年 | 178篇 |
2000年 | 149篇 |
1999年 | 151篇 |
1998年 | 119篇 |
1997年 | 129篇 |
1996年 | 170篇 |
1995年 | 108篇 |
1994年 | 115篇 |
1993年 | 120篇 |
1992年 | 86篇 |
1991年 | 95篇 |
1990年 | 73篇 |
1989年 | 72篇 |
1988年 | 86篇 |
1987年 | 72篇 |
1986年 | 67篇 |
1985年 | 100篇 |
1984年 | 105篇 |
1982年 | 115篇 |
1981年 | 122篇 |
1980年 | 97篇 |
1979年 | 85篇 |
1978年 | 113篇 |
1977年 | 92篇 |
1976年 | 73篇 |
1975年 | 71篇 |
1974年 | 64篇 |
1973年 | 68篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
Nuttapol Risangud Thomas R. Congdon Daniel J. Keddie Paul Wilson Kristian Kempe David M. Haddleton 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2016,54(17):2698-2705
The synthesis of two types of isocyanate side chain containing copolymers, poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate) (P(MMA‐co‐IEM)) and poly(benzyl methacrylate‐co‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate) (P(BnMA‐co‐IEM)), which were synthesized by Cu(0)‐mediated radical polymerization, is reported. Polymerization proceeded to high conversion giving polymers of relatively narrow molar mass distributions. The incorporation of the bulky aromatic groups in the latter copolymer rendered it sufficiently stable toward hydrolysis and enabled the isolation of the product and its characterization by 1H and 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy and SEC. Both P(MMA‐co‐IEM) and P(BnMA‐co‐IEM) were functionalized with dibutylamine, octylamine, and (R)‐(+)‐α‐methylbenzyl‐amine, which further proved the successful incorporation of the isocyanate groups. Furthermore, P(BnMA‐co‐IEM) was used for the fabrication of liquid core microcapsules via oil‐in‐water interfacial polymerization with diethylenetriamine as crosslinker. The particles obtained were in the size range of 10–90 µm in diameter independent of the composition of copolymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2698–2705 相似文献
952.
Angle‐dependent light scattering by highly uniform colloidal rod‐shaped microparticles: Experiment and simulation
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Roy Rotstein Aym Berges Samir Mitragotri Daniel E. Morse Martin Moskovits 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2016,54(18):1889-1895
While extensive theoretical work has been devoted to analyzing scattering behavior for nonspherical particles, few experimental studies of the light‐scattering properties of such particles are available, largely because of the difficulty of synthesizing such particles with uniform geometries. Here we report the synthesis of highly uniform, volume‐equivalent rod‐shaped colloidal particles prepared from their commercial spherical counterparts, on which we performed light scattering experiments as a function of scattering angle for micro rods with varying aspect ratio and volume. These results were compared to values calculated using the T‐Matrix method. Good agreement with theoretical predictions was found for the experimentally measured scattering cross sections and the angular dependence of the scattering intensity. An increase in the forward scattering intensity is observed and predicted for particles with larger aspect ratios relative to their volume equivalent spheres, with only minor differences observed at both mid‐range and backscattering angles. Furthermore, the light scattering results for the rod‐shaped particles did not show the scattering fringes seen in scattering by the spheres, indicating that as three‐dimensional symmetry is broken, the associated Lorenz–Mie resonances are strongly attenuated. This observation also was predicted by theory. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1889–1895 相似文献
953.
954.
Markus Bursch Lukas Kunze Dr. Amol M. Vibhute Dr. Andreas Hansen Prof. Dr. Kana M. Sureshan Dr. Peter G. Jones Prof. Dr. Stefan Grimme Prof. Dr. Daniel B. Werz 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(14):4627-4639
The noncovalent interactions between azides and oxygen-containing moieties are investigated through a computational study based on experimental findings. The targeted synthesis of organic compounds with close intramolecular azide–oxygen contacts yielded six new representatives, for which X-ray structures were determined. Two of those compounds were investigated with respect to their potential conformations in the gas phase and a possible significantly shorter azide–oxygen contact. Furthermore, a set of 44 high-quality, gas-phase computational model systems with intermolecular azide–pnictogen (N, P, As, Sb), –chalcogen (O, S, Se, Te), and –halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) contacts are compiled and investigated through semiempirical quantum mechanical methods, density functional approximations, and wave function theory. A local energy decomposition (LED) analysis is applied to study the nature of the noncovalent interaction. The special role of electrostatic and London dispersion interactions is discussed in detail. London dispersion is identified as a dominant factor of the azide–donor interaction with mean London dispersion energy-interaction energy ratios of 1.3. Electrostatic contributions enhance the azide–donor coordination motif. The association energies range from −1.00 to −5.5 kcal mol−1. 相似文献
955.
Intramolecular trans‐Dicarbofunctionalization of Alkynes by a Formal anti‐Carbopalladation/Stille Cascade
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Bastian Milde Andreas Reding Finn J. Geffers Prof. Dr. Peter G. Jones Prof. Dr. Daniel B. Werz 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(41):14544-14547
An intramolecular Pd‐catalyzed trans‐dicarbofunctionalization of internal alkynes using aryl bromides and aryl stannanes is presented. Tetrasubstituted double bonds embedded in an oligocyclic ring system are obtained in a regio‐ and diastereoselective fashion. The transformation features a broad substrate scope and functional‐group tolerance. 相似文献
956.
Martínez-Sanchis Daniel Sternin Andrej Tagscherer Kenneth Sternin Daniel Haidn Oskar Tajmar Martin 《Flow, Turbulence and Combustion》2022,109(3):813-838
Flow, Turbulence and Combustion - Direct numerical simulations of a turbulent premixed stoichiometric methane-oxygen flame were conducted. The chosen combustion pressure was 20 bar, to... 相似文献
957.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Electrophile Coupling with Organic Reductants in Non‐Amide Solvents
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Dr. Lukiana L. Anka‐Lufford Kierra M. M. Huihui Dr. Nicholas J. Gower Dr. Laura K. G. Ackerman Prof. Dr. Daniel J. Weix 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,22(33):11564-11567
Cross‐electrophile coupling of aryl halides with alkyl halides has thus far been primarily conducted with stoichiometric metallic reductants in amide solvents. This report demonstrates that the use of tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) as an organic reductant enables the use of non‐amide solvents, such as acetonitrile or propylene oxide, for the coupling of benzyl chlorides and alkyl iodides with aryl halides. Furthermore, these conditions work for several electron‐poor heterocycles that are easily reduced by manganese. Finally, we demonstrate that TDAE addition can be used as a control element to ‘hold’ a reaction without diminishing yield or catalyst activity. 相似文献
958.
959.
This paper describes an attempt to design, analyse and refine professional development (PD) resources that encourage the implementation of inquiry-based learning (IBL). We describe the iterative development of the resources in England with over 100 mathematics teachers from secondary, tertiary and adult education and then analyse the impact these resources had on teachers’ beliefs and practices and the issues arising. This evaluation revealed that teachers had moved away from transmission-based orientations, encouraged by the use of less structured tasks and sample lesson plans, but some found it difficult to adopt IBL pedagogies. The most significant issues for teachers may be summarised as: confusing IBL with ‘discovery’ learning; developing and managing collaborative cultures within the classroom; and planning lessons that adapt to the emerging needs of learners. 相似文献
960.
Ronald R. Martin Steven J. Naftel Stéphanie M. Doucet Daniel Hanley Christopher G. Weisner 《X射线光谱测定》2013,42(6):437-441
Synchrotron radiation analysis is a powerful tool for identifying pollutants. Here, we explore the distribution of elements in the flight feathers of ring‐billed gulls, Larus delawarensis, to identify potential pollutants and their distribution throughout the feather. Our analysis using Synchrotron Radiation Analysis and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy has identified a variety of metals that are integral parts of the feather structure including: calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). The darker portions of the flight feather were enriched with Zn and Fe, which supports the suggestion that feather melanins are efficient ligands of some metals found in the environment, sequestering potentially harmful particles away from the body. However, trace lead (Pb) acquired from the regional pollution was detected only in females, and it was distributed across both the melanized and non‐melanized portions of the feather suggesting that only some metals are efficiently sequestered by melanins. Overall this study highlights a potential method for identifying pollutants using bird feathers, which has broader implications on environmental sensing as well as avian and human health. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献