Charge-Tagged DNA Radicals in the Gas Phase Characterized by UV/Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy

Adenosine radicals tagged with a fixed-charge group were generated in the gas phase and structurally characterized by tandem mass spectrometry, deuterium labeling, and UV/Vis action spectroscopy. Experimental results in combination with Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, ab initio, and excited-state calculations led to unambiguous assignment of adenosine radicals as N-7 hydrogen atom adducts. The charge-tagged radicals were found to be electronically equivalent to natural DNA nucleoside radicals.     

Application of Lectin Microarrays for Biomarker Discovery

Many proteins in living organisms are glycosylated. As their glycan patterns exhibit protein-, cell-, and tissue-specific heterogeneity, changes in the glycosylation levels could serve as useful indicators of various pathological and physiological states. Thus, the identification of glycoprotein biomarkers from specific changes in the glycan profiles of glycoproteins is a trending field. Lectin microarrays provide a new glycan analysis platform, which enables rapid and sensitive analysis of complex glycans without requiring the release of glycans from the protein. Recent developments in lectin microarray technology enable high-throughput analysis of glycans in complex biological samples. In this review, we will discuss the basic concepts and recent progress in lectin microarray technology, the application of lectin microarrays in biomarker discovery, and the challenges and future development of this technology. Given the tremendous technical advancements that have been made, lectin microarrays will become an indispensable tool for the discovery of glycoprotein biomarkers.     

Charge‐Tagged DNA Radicals in the Gas Phase Characterized by UV/Vis Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy

Adenosine radicals tagged with a fixed‐charge group were generated in the gas phase and structurally characterized by tandem mass spectrometry, deuterium labeling, and UV/Vis action spectroscopy. Experimental results in combination with Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics, ab initio, and excited‐state calculations led to unambiguous assignment of adenosine radicals as N‐7 hydrogen atom adducts. The charge‐tagged radicals were found to be electronically equivalent to natural DNA nucleoside radicals.     

A Keggin-Type Tungstovanadate-Based Hybrid Compound: Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid

Russian Journal of Coordination Chemistry - A new V-centered Keggin polyoxometalate-based inorganic-organic hybrid (HPpz)3[VW12O40] (I) (Ppz = piperazine) has been hydrothermal synthesized and...     

Preparative isolation of arylbutanoid‐type phenol [(‐)‐rhododendrin] with peak tailing on conventional C18 column using middle chromatogram isolated gel column coupled with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography

Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled with middle chromatogram isolated gel column was employed for the efficient preparative separation of the arylbutanoid‐type phenol [(‐)‐rhododendrin] from Saxifraga tangutica. Universal C18 (XTerra C18) and XCharge C18 columns were compared for (‐)‐rhododendrin fraction analysis and preparation. Although tailing and overloading occurred on the XTerra C18 column, the positively charged reversed‐phase C18 column (XCharge C18) overcame these drawbacks, allowing for favorable separation resolution, even when loading at a on a preparative scale (3.69 mg per injection). The general separation process was as follows. First, 365.0 mg of crude (‐)‐rhododendrin was enriched from 165 g Saxifraga tangutica extract via a middle chromatogram isolated gel column. Second, separation was performed on an XTerra C18 preparative column, from which 73.8 mg of the target fraction was easily obtained. Finally, the 24.0 mg tailing peak of (‐)‐rhododendrin on XTerra C18 column was selectively purified on the XCharge C18 analytical column. These results demonstrate that the tailing nonalkaloid peaks can be effectively used for preparative isolation on XCharge C18 columns.     

Facilely prepared aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanocrystals with deep-red emission for super-resolution imaging

Organic nanocrystals (NCs) with high brightness are highly desirable for biological imaging. However, the preparation of NCs by a facile and fast method is still challenging. Herein, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen of 4,4′-(5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline) (DTPA-BT-F) in the deep-red region is designed with intensive crystalline features to obtain NCs by kinetically controlled nanoprecipitation. The prepared AIE NCs with high brightness and good photo-stability are then applied in super-resolution imaging via stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy. As observed, the nanostructures in lysosomes of both fixed and live cells are well visualized with superior lateral resolutions under STED nanoscopy (full width at half maximum values, 107 and 108 nm) in contrast to that in confocal imaging (548 and 740 nm). More importantly, dynamic monitoring and long-term tracking of lysosomal movements in live HeLa cells, such as lysosomal contact, can also be carried out by using DTPA-BT-F NCs at a superior resolution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of AIE NCs prepared by nanoprecipitation for STED nanoscopy, thus providing a new strategy to develop high performance imaging agents for super-resolution imaging.

AIE nanocrystals with high brightness in the deep-red region were facilely prepared by kinetically controlled nanoprecipitation. These nanocrystals were then applied in super-resolution cellular imaging via STED nanoscopy.     

Newly Emerging Strategies in Antiviral Drug Discovery: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq on Occasion of His 80th Anniversary

Viral infections pose a persistent threat to human health. The relentless epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health problem, with millions of infections and fatalities so far. Traditional approaches such as random screening and optimization of lead compounds by organic synthesis have become extremely resource- and time-consuming. Various modern innovative methods or integrated paradigms are now being applied to drug discovery for significant resistance in order to simplify the drug process. This review provides an overview of newly emerging antiviral strategies, including proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), ribonuclease targeting chimera (RIBOTAC), targeted covalent inhibitors, topology-matching design and antiviral drug delivery system. This article is dedicated to Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq, an internationally renowned expert in the antiviral drug research field, on the occasion of his 80th anniversary.     

Numerical approach for generic three-phase flow based on cut-cell and ghost fluid methods

In this paper, we introduce numerical methods that can simulate complex multiphase flows. The finite volume method, applying Cartesian cut-cell is used in the computational domain, containing fluid and solid, to conserve mass and momentum. With this method, flows in and around any geometry can be simulated without complex and time consuming meshing. For the fluid region, which involves liquid and gas, the ghost fluid method is employed to handle the stiffness of the interface discontinuity problem. The interaction between each phase is treated simply by wall function models or jump conditions of pressure, velocity and shear stress at the interface. The sharp interface method “coupled level set (LS) and volume of fluid (VOF)” is used to represent the interface between the two fluid phases. This approach will combine some advantages of both interface tracking/capturing methods, such as the excellent mass conservation from the VOF method and good accuracy of interface normal computation from the LS function. The first coupled LS and VOF will be generated to reconstruct the interface between solid and the other materials. The second will represent the interface between liquid and gas.     

Lanthanide (III) addition of [Mo2O3S(HNTA)2] (Ln=Eu, Dy)

The reactions of LnCl₃·6H₂O (Ln=Eu or Dy) and Na₂[Mo₂O₃S(HNTA)₂]·6H₂O afford Na[Mo₂O₃S(HNTA)₂]₂·Eu(H₂O)₉·3H₂O (1) (NTA=nitrilotriacetate) and Na{(H₂O)₆Dy[Mo₂O₃S(HNTA)₂]₂}·7.5H₂O (2), respectively. The [Mo₂O₃S(HNTA)₂]²⁻ cluster units of 1 are interconnected by Na⁺ into a 3-D open framework with rutile topology templated by . The coordination of [Mo₂O₃S(HNTA)₂]²⁻ to the slightly smaller Dy³⁺ ion of greater ionic potential as a consequence of lanthanide contraction has been observed to form the pentanuclear heterometallic {Dy(H₂O)₆[Mo₂O₃S(HNTA)₂]₂}⁻, which is linked by Na⁺ and hydrogen bonds between the protonated carboxylate groups into a 3-D supramolecular framework. The weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the Dy³⁺ ions of 2 have been observed.     

高分散Ru/FeOx催化剂在二氧化碳选择加氢反应中的应用及其催化活性的调控

由于化石能源的大量开采和利用造成CO2过度排放,从而导致严重的温室效应和气候环境问题,给人类生存带来极大威胁.CO2选择加氢反应可以将CO2催化加氢生成高附加值的CO产物.与其他的CO2转化反应策略相比,该过程中H2的消耗更少,成为可有效处理及转化CO2的手段之一.同时,应尽可能抑制CO2深度加氢以及甲烷的产生,研制及设计具有高CO选择性的新型高效催化剂及其构效关系的分析仍十分重要.据报道,负载型贵金属基催化剂的使用有利于H2分子的活化,具有优异的催化活性,因而广泛应用于多种催化反应中.然而,贵金属催化剂实现工业应用的最大挑战是资源的限制及其高额的成本.近年来,由贵金属制备的负载型亚纳米团簇受到广泛关注,主要包括如Au,Pt,Pd,Ru等贵金属,可有效应用于多相催化反应.人们还致力于提高负载型亚纳米团簇的分散度,促进催化剂活性位点的有效暴露,有利于大幅度提高催化剂的有效利用率.本文采用共沉淀法成功制备了超高分散的负载型Ru基催化剂,通过CO2选择加氢-程序升温表面反应(TPSR)和质谱联用技术测试了催化剂性能,发现CO2加氢反应生成CO选择性达100%.采用XRD,BET和TEM等方法对催化剂结构进行表征,并结合H2-TPR,H2-TPD和XPS等表征结果深入探讨了催化剂构效关系,并提出了针对该催化剂体系较为合理的反应模型.在CO2选择加氢反应的催化性能测试中,2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂对目标产物CO选择性仅为41%; 随着Ru负载量降低至0.25%和0.1%时,CO选择性明显提高至80%; 当进一步降低Ru含量至0.01%时,CO选择性接近100%,且表现出优异的反应速率.在360 oC时,0.01%Ru/FeOx催化剂的相对反应速率为7.71 molCO2molRu-1 min-1,是2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂相对反应速率的154倍.H2-TPR结果表明,贵金属Ru可以明显促进载体FeOx的还原,并产生丰富的氧空位,进而促进CO2的吸附、活化.而且CO2选择加氢TPSR结果显示,目标产物CO的起始生成温度总是滞后于原料H2的初始活化温度,与H2-TPR结果及文献报道的CO2选择加氢反应机理一致.通过H2-TPD深入理解H2在催化剂表面的活化和氢溢流现象,以及Hads与不同催化剂之间的相互作用力,0.01%Ru/FeOx催化剂相对较高的H2脱附峰温度表明,该样品中Ru与Hads具有极强的相互作用力,相对抑制了Hads与COads深入加氢生成CH4,从而提高了CO选择性,而2.50%Ru/FeOx催化剂的情况则与此相反.本文提出了从Hads吸附作用力强弱来考虑CO2选择加氢反应选择性的新思路,同时为设计CO2选择加氢制高附加值CO的高催化反应速率、高CO选择性的高分散Ru基催化剂提供了一种经济简易的催化剂设计思路.