Angelica pubescens and Angelica sinensis belong to theUmbelliferae family and both are used as traditional Chinese medicines. In the present study, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the analysis of the volatile constituents present in their roots. Eighty-seven compounds in Angelica pubescens and thirty-six compounds in Angelica sinensis were identified by GC-MS. Their relative contents were calculated by the peak area ratio. HS-SPME was compared to steam distillation (SD) by analyzing the volatile constituents of Angelica sinensis root. A good agreement between results obtained with both techniques was found. As a conclusion, HS-SPME is a powerful tool for determining the volatile constituents present in the TCMs. 相似文献
Two layered amine-templated cobalt squarates, [C6N2H14]2[Co2(C4O4)3(H2O)4], I, and [C3N2H5]2[Co2(C4O4)3(H2O)4], II, have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions. Both I and II contain chains formed by dimers comprising two cobalt atoms bound to the squarate units, the chains being connected through hydrogen bond interactions. An amine-templated cobalt squarate of the formula [C4N2H12][Co(C4O4)2(H2O)4][H2O]2, III, as well as its Ni, Zn and Cd analogues have been prepared by room temperature reactions. III has a layered architecture wherein the cobalt-squarate monomers are linked by the amine molecules. Co and Zn analogues of [Ni(C4O4)(H2O)2(C3N2H4)] with ligating imidazole units have also been prepared and characterized. 相似文献
There are growing research interests in flax fibers due to their renewable ‘green’ origin and high strength. However, these natural fibers easily absorb moisture and have poor adhesion with polymer matrix leading to low interfacial strength for the composites. A hybrid chemical treatment technique combining alkali (sodium hydroxide) and silane treatments is adopted in the current study to modify flax fibers for improved performances of flax/polypropylene composites. Changes in chemical composition, microstructure, wettability, surface morphology, crystallinity and tensile properties of single flax fiber before and after chemical treatments were comprehensively characterized using techniques including SEM, FTIR, AFM, XRD, micro-fiber tester, etc. It was found that hemicellulose and lignin at the fiber surface were removed due to alkali treatment, which helped to reduce moisture absorption of the composites. Alkali-treated flax fibers were later subjected to silane treatment, which helped to improve the compatibility between flax fiber and polypropylene matrix. After alkali-silane hybrid chemical treatment, moisture absorption of the composites was further decreased. At the same time, the interfacial bonding strength between flax and polypropylene is significantly enhanced. All these results validate the great advantage of the hybrid chemical treatment approach for flax/polypropylene composites, which has the potential to promote the application of chemical treatment techniques in the plant fiber composite industry.
~(13)C and ~1H NMR technique was used to study the interaction of Gly-Gly with heavy lanthanide cations Dy~(3+), Ho~(3+), Er~(3+), Tm~(3+) and Yb~(3+) in aqueous solution. The stability constants for the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of Gly-Gly with Ho~(3+) and Yb~(3+) were determined from the titration curves of chemical shift versus concentration ratio of lanthanide to Gly-Gly. The solution structure of the Ln-Gly-Gly complex was analyzed based upon the ~(13)C and ~1H lanthanide-induced shifts and the results show that in the complex Gly-Gly is coordinated to the lanthanide ion through the carboxyl oxygens with the backbone of the ligand in an extended state. 相似文献
This Letter shows explicitly that the descent sequence of cocycles in a gauge group realizes the ech-de Rham double complex. Meanwhile the ech complex corresponds to finite gauge transformations. This Letter also shows how the indices of each order of cocycles characterizes the obstructions on overlapping spheres in different dimensions and how these indices are equal to a common one. 相似文献
Photochemical cyclization of compound 1, a homoenediyne (-CCC=CCH2CC-) bearing two ethynylanthracene chromophores, yields two isomeric dihydrocyclopent[a]indene ring systems, spiro-fused to the 9-position of a 9,10-dihydroanthracene moiety. Evidence of a photochemically initiated diradical cyclization pathway is proposed on the basis of (i) hydrogen abstraction from reaction with 1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-CHD) and (ii) the observation of 1,4-addition of benzene (solvent). The reaction was further analyzed by a complete density functional theory (DFT) study, using an unrestricted approach (UBLYP) with a 6-31G* basis set for the open-shell triplet states of the reactants, products, and diradical intermediates to model the photochemical nature of observed transformation. A mechanism detailing the observed cyclization/addition reaction is proposed. 相似文献