全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5910篇 |
免费 | 698篇 |
国内免费 | 746篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4480篇 |
晶体学 | 76篇 |
力学 | 267篇 |
综合类 | 77篇 |
数学 | 916篇 |
物理学 | 1538篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 14篇 |
2023年 | 114篇 |
2022年 | 199篇 |
2021年 | 208篇 |
2020年 | 254篇 |
2019年 | 266篇 |
2018年 | 221篇 |
2017年 | 224篇 |
2016年 | 284篇 |
2015年 | 313篇 |
2014年 | 363篇 |
2013年 | 527篇 |
2012年 | 527篇 |
2011年 | 513篇 |
2010年 | 398篇 |
2009年 | 368篇 |
2008年 | 441篇 |
2007年 | 364篇 |
2006年 | 331篇 |
2005年 | 234篇 |
2004年 | 183篇 |
2003年 | 124篇 |
2002年 | 137篇 |
2001年 | 78篇 |
2000年 | 75篇 |
1999年 | 79篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 48篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 27篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 11篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有7354条查询结果,搜索用时 18 毫秒
201.
Abstract This paper reports a new polymer flooding agent used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) [P(AM-AA)]/poly(acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) [P(AM-DMDAAC)] polyelectrolyte complex. The solution viscosity of prepared P(AM-AA)/P(AM-DMDAAC) complex is enhanced due to the strong interaction between the two oppositely charged copolymers, i.e., P(AM-AA) and P(AM-DMDAAC), which were prepared through radical copolymerization. The ionic content could be controlled by changing the reaction conditions. The structures of the two copolymers were characterized through FT-IR, 1H NMR, and acidic and precipitation titration. The formation as well as the factors affecting the P(AM-AA)/P(AM-DMDAAC) polyelectrolyte complex were investigated by means of viscosity measuring and light transmittance testing. The experimental results show that the composition of the copolymers, the pH value, and the concentration of the polymer solutions have remarkable effects on the formation of P(AM-AA)/P(AM-DMDAAC) polyelectrolyte complex and the solution viscosity. When DMDAAC content in P(AM-DMDAAC) is 3.2 mol%, AA content in P(AM-AA) is 48–58 mol%, the weight ratio of P(AM-AA) to P(AM-DMDAAC) is 70/30–30/70, the pH value of the solution is 6–10, and the concentration of solution is 1000–3500 ppm, then a homogeneous solution of P(AM-AA)/P(AM-DMDAAC) poly-electrolyte complex could be obtained which exhibits a much higher solution viscosity compared with its components. 相似文献
202.
Israel Zilbermann Avraham Meshulam Haim Cohen Dan Meyerstein 《Supramolecular chemistry》2013,25(2):325-332
Abstract The mechanisms and kinetics of oxidation of ascorbate, AH?, by Ni(III)Li aq and by LiNi(III) (HPO4)2 ? complexes (L1 = meso-(5,12)-7,7,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane; L2 = 1,8-dimethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane) in neutral aqueous solutions have been investigated. The oxidation of ascorbate by the LiNi(III) (HPO4)2 ? and Ni(III)L1 aq proceeds via two consecutive reactions well separated in time. The products of the first reaction are the A.? radical anion and the corresponding Ni(II) complex. The oxidations by the LiNi(III)(HPO4)2 ? complexes proceed via the outer sphere mechanism, whereas the detailed mechanism of reaction of Ni(III)L1 aq cannot be determined. The rate of reaction decreases with the increase in the concentration of phosphate, thus indicating that LiNi(III)(HPO4)(H2O)+ and LiNi(III)OH2+ are stronger oxidizing agents than LiNi(III)(HPO4)? 2. The oxidation of ascorbate by Ni(III)L2 aq proceeds via three consecutive reactions which are well separated in time. Thus the results clearly point out that this process occurs via the inner sphere mechanism. The first transient observed is tentatively identified as L2(H2O)Ni(II)(A.?)2+, i.e., an unexpected complex of the ascorbate anion radical. Also in this process the last transient observed is the A.? anion radical. The stabilization of the ascorbyl radical in a transient complex might be of biological significance. 相似文献
203.
Binbin Wei Qing Li Ronghua Fan Dan Su Xiuli Ou Kelin Chen Xiaohui Chen Ying Jia Kaishun Bi 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》2013,48(4):448-458
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., a traditional Chinese medicine, has been clinically used for the treatment of insomnia for centuries. The insomnia mechanism and the possible active ingredients of S. chinensis remain largely unknown. The objective of this study was to develop a method to detect its components which could pass through the blood brain barrier (BBB) by determining the brain microdialysate and brain tissue homogenate samples and then obtain the pharmacokinetic profile in brain for comprehensive understanding of its hypnotic clinical efficacy. Therefore, an efficient, sensitive and selective ultra fast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of six sedative and hypnotic lignans (schisandrin, schisandrol B, schisantherin A, deoxyshisandrin, γ‐schisandrin and gomisin N) of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. in rat brain tissue homogenate and brain microdialysates has been developed and validated. The analysis was performed on a Shim‐pack XR‐ODS column (75 mm × 3.0 mm, 2.2 µm) using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water. The method was validated in brain homogenate and microdialysate samples, which all showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r2 > 0.99), and the obtained lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng · ml?1 for the analytes in brain microdialysate samples. The intra‐ and inter‐day assay variability was less than 15% for all analytes. The study proved the six lignans, as sedative and hypnotic ingredients, could pass through the BBB with brain targeting, distributed mainly in the hypothalamus and possessed complete pharmacokinetics process in brain. The results also indicated that significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of the analytes was observed between two groups, while absorptions of these analytes in insomniac group were significantly better than those in normal group. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
204.
Yuqiao Wang Huijun Zhang Dan Yao Junjie Pu Yuan Zhang Xiaorui Gao Yueming Sun 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2013,17(3):881-887
Graphene/Fe3O4 nanocomposite was prepared for the immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) to improve the electron transfer between Hb and glass carbon electrode (GCE). The characterization of nanocomposites was described by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The electrochemistry of Hb on the graphene/Fe3O4-based GCE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurement. The modified electrode showed a wide linear range from 0.25 μmol/L to 1.7 mmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9967. The detection limit of the H2O2 biosensor was estimated at 6.0?×?10?6?mol/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. 相似文献
205.
206.
Wei Sun Linjie Tian Hui Qi Dan Jiang Ying Wang Song Li Junhai Xiao Xiaohong Yang 《中国化学》2013,(9):1144-1152
A series of tri-substituted chiral pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives have been designed and synthesized as CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) antagonists. The structure of CCR4 was built by homology modeling. Asymmetric synthesis was applied to synthesize the R,R configuration chiral pyrrolidin-2-one scaffold. The stereoisomeric con- figurations of the compounds were identified by 2D I H-~H COSY spectroscopy and 1D NOESY spectroscopy. This method was more economical and convenient than traditional X-ray single crystal diffraction. In addition, the inter- actions between these compounds and the N-terminal extracellular tail of CCR4 were studied using capillary zone electrophoresis. The CCR4 chemotaxis inhibition effect was tested in CCR4-transfected HEK293 cells. Several compounds showed potent activities as CCR4 antagonists. Among these compounds, lc is the most active one. Its apparent binding constant of CZE experiment result is (1.569±0.11)× 10s L·mol ^-1, and its percentage inhibition of the HEK293/CCR4 cells migration with the concentration of I gmol·L ^-1 in DMSO is 59%. And compound If has slightly higher affinity to N-terminal of CCR4 according to its apparent binding constant than lb because of the in- troduced ester linkage. Further studies on the mechanism of these compounds are in progress. 相似文献
207.
Xiu-Li Wang Jing-Jing Cao Ji-Lin Hou Guo-Cheng Liu Dan Zhao Xiao-Jing Liu Na Li Ai-Xiang Tian 《中国化学快报》2013,24(10):877-880
One new polyoxometalate (POM)-based inorganic-organic hybrid [Cd3Ⅱ(HPO4)(Hbpp)(H2O)2]{CdⅡ[P4- Mo6O28H3.5(OH)3]2} (H4tpb)·7H2O (1) (bpp = 1,3-bis-(4-pyridyl)propane, tpb = 1,2,4,5-tetra(4-pyridyl)-benzene) constructed from reduced molybdophosphate [P4Mo6O28H3.5(OH)3]5.5- (P4Mo6), trinuclear CdⅡ-phosphate-Hbpp fragment and protonated tpb has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by IR, elemental analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/c and cell parameters of a = 15.672(12)Å, b = 23.839(19)Å, c = 27.654(2)Å, β = 115.850(10)8, V = 9297.9(12) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0534 and wR2 = 0.1135. In complex 1, the P4Mo6 units are bridged by CdⅡ ions to form the classic sandwich-type [Cd(P4Mo6)2] dimers, which are further connected into a two dimensional network via the trinuclear CdⅡ subunits. The tpb is synthesized in situ from the bpp ligands and connects the adjacent 2D layers into a 3D supramolecular framework through hydrogen bonding interactions. The electrochemical and fluorescent properties of complex 1 have been investigated. 相似文献
208.
通过高氯酸亚铁,4-(咪唑-2-甲醛)丁腈和光学纯苯乙胺衍生物的自组装成功合成了2个纯手性单核自旋转换铁(Ⅱ)化合物fac-Λ-[Fe(R-L1)3](ClO4)2(1),fac-Λ-[Fe(R-L2)3](ClO4)2(2).利用X-射线单晶衍射、元素分析(EA)、红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、紫外光谱(UV)、圆二光谱(CD)等手段对配合物结构进行了表征.X-射线单晶衍射表明在化合物1和2中,铁(Ⅱ)金属中心与3个不对称双齿手性席夫碱配体中的6个氮原子配位形成八面体配位环境.每个结构基元中包含1个[Fe(L)3]2+阳离子和2个高氯酸根阴离子.由于铁(Ⅱ)中心周围手性配体的螺旋协调配位使[Fe(L)3]2+形成单一手性Λ构型.Fe(Ⅱ)N键长表明配合物1和2中的铁(Ⅱ)在低自旋状态.在[Fe(L)3]2+中,相邻配体中的苯环和咪唑环形成分子内π-π相互作用.配合物1和2通过分子间C-H…π相互作用形成三维超分子结构.CD光谱证实配合物1和2在溶液中的光学活性.磁性测试表明配合物1和2分别在232和250 K发生自旋转换.由于配合物1和2具有相同的手性空间群和类似的堆积方式和分子间相互作用,导致1和2表现出不同自旋转换温度的原因主要是取代基效应. 相似文献
209.
采用预镀法将Bi 3+还原成金属铋固定在玻碳电极表面,制成稳定的铋膜修饰玻碳电极(BFE),利用循环伏安法(CV)、方波伏安法(SWV)研究了苏丹红Ⅰ在该电极上的电化学行为。实验结果表明,在pH=2.0的B-R缓冲溶液、乙醇溶液中,苏丹红Ⅰ在-380mV附近产生一灵敏的还原峰,在优化的实验条件下,苏丹红Ⅰ的峰电流iP与其浓度在1.0×10-7~1.6×10-5 mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,R=0.9987,检出限为3.3×10-8 mol/L。铋膜电极无毒、无污染,灵敏度高,为检测苏丹红Ⅰ提供了一种安全有效的新方法。 相似文献
210.