AEGIS-K code for linear kinetic analysis of toroidally axisymmetric plasma stability

A linear kinetic stability code for tokamak plasmas: AEGIS-K (Adaptive EiGenfunction Independent Solutions-Kinetic), is described. The AEGIS-K code is based on the newly developed gyrokinetic theory [L.J. Zheng, M.T. Kotschenreuther, J.W. Van Dam, Phys. Plasmas 14 (2007) 072505]. The success in recovering the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) from this newly developed gyrokinetic theory in the proper limit leads the AEGIS-K code to be featured by being fully kinetic in essence but hybrid in appearance. The radial adaptive shooting scheme based on the method of the independent solution decomposition in the MHD AEGIS code [L.J. Zheng, M.T. Kotschenreuther, J. Comp. Phys. 211 (2006) 748] is extended to the kinetic calculation. A numerical method is developed to solve the gyrokinetic equation of lowest order for the response to the independent solutions of the electromagnetic perturbations, with the quasineutrality condition taken into account. A transform method is implemented to allow the pre-computed Z-function (i.e., the plasma dispersion function) to be used to reduce the integration dimension in the moment calculation and to assure the numerical accuracy in determining the wave–particle resonance effects. Periodic boundary condition along the whole banana orbit is introduced to treat the trapped particles, in contrast to the usual reflection symmetry conditions at the banana tips. Due to the adaptive feature, the AEGIS-K code is able to resolve the coupling between the kinetic resonances and the shear Alfvén continuum damping. Application of the AEGIS-K code to compute the resistive wall modes in ITER is discussed.     

Directed strongly walk-regular graphs

We generalize the concept of strong walk-regularity to directed graphs. We call a digraph strongly \(\ell \)-walk-regular with \(\ell > 1\) if the number of walks of length \(\ell \) from a vertex to another vertex depends only on whether the first vertex is the same as, adjacent to, or not adjacent to the second vertex. This generalizes also the well-studied strongly regular digraphs and a problem posed by Hoffman. Our main tools are eigenvalue methods. The case that the adjacency matrix is diagonalizable with only real eigenvalues resembles the undirected case. We show that a digraph \(\varGamma \) with only real eigenvalues whose adjacency matrix is not diagonalizable has at most two values of \(\ell \) for which \(\varGamma \) can be strongly \(\ell \)-walk-regular, and we also construct examples of such strongly walk-regular digraphs. We also consider digraphs with non-real eigenvalues. We give such examples and characterize those digraphs \(\varGamma \) for which there are infinitely many \(\ell \) for which \(\varGamma \) is strongly \(\ell \)-walk-regular.     

E expansion for a Fermi gas at infinite scattering length

We show that there exists a systematic expansion around four spatial dimensions for Fermi gas in the unitarity regime. We perform the calculations to leading and next-to-leading orders in the expansion over E = 4-d, where d is the dimensionality of space. We find the ratio of chemical potential and Fermi energy to be mu/epsilon(F) =1/2 (E 3/2) + 1/16 (E 5/2) lnE -0.0246E (5/2) + ... and the ratio of the gap in the fermion quasiparticle spectrum and the chemical potential to be Delta/mu =2E(-1) - 0.691 + ... . The minimum of the fermion dispersion curve is located at |p|=(2mepsilon(0))(1/2), where epsilon_(0)/mu=2+O(E). Extrapolation to d=3 gives results consistent with Monte Carlo simulations.     

Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Anti-epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Cetuximab and Photosensitizer IR700DX in the Mouse Skin-fold Window Chamber Model

Targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) in head/neck cancer patients with a conjugate of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, Cetuximab and a phthalocyanine photosensitizer IR700DX is under way, but the exact mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. In this study, the EGFR-overexpressing human head/neck OSC-19-luc2-cGFP tumor with transfected GFP gene was used in a skin-fold window chamber model in BALB/c nude mice. The uptake and localization of the conjugate in the tumor and its surrounding normal tissues were studied by an intravital confocal laser scanning microscopy with image analyses. The tumor was also irradiated with 690 nm laser light 24 h after conjugate administration. The vascular and tumor responses were examined by morphological evaluation and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The amount of conjugate in the tumor peaked at 24–48 h after injection. Image analyses of colocalization correlation parameters demonstrated a high fraction of the conjugate IR700DX colocalized in the GFP-expressing tumor cells. PDT-treated tumors showed extensive necrotic/apoptotic destruction with little vascular damage, while IHC showed no HIF-1α expression and decreased EGFR and Ki67 expression with activated caspase-3 overexpression, indicating a direct killing of tumor cells through both necrotic and apoptotic cell death.     

Quantitative analysis of metabolites in complex biological samples using ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid, sensitive and selective ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry (IP-LC-ESI-ID-MS/MS) was developed for quantitative analysis of free intracellular metabolites in cell cultures. As an application a group of compounds involved in penicillin biosynthesis pathway of Penicillium chrysogenum cells, such as penicillin G (PenG), 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), benzylpenicilloic acid (PIO), ortho-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid (o-OH-PAA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), 6-oxopipeidine-2-carboxylic acid (OPC), 8-hydroxypenicillic acid (8-HPA), L-alpha-(delta-aminoadipyl)-L-alpha-cystenyl-D-alpha-valine (ACV) and isopenicillin N (IPN) were chosen. (13)C-labeled analogs of the metabolites were added to the sample solutions as internal standards (I.S.). Sample mixtures were analyzed without any sample pretreatment. No extraction recovery check was needed because I.S. was added to the cell samples before extraction process. The method showed excellent precision (relative standard deviation (RSD)相似文献   

Association Schemes Related to Kasami Codes and Kerdock Sets

Two new infinite series of imprimitive 5-class association schemes are constructed. The first series of schemes arises from forming, in a special manner, two edge-disjoint copies of the coset graph of a binary Kasami code (double error-correcting BCH code). The second series of schemes is formally dual to the first. The construction applies vector space duality to obtain a fission scheme of a subscheme of the Cameron-Seidel 3-class scheme of linked symmetric designs derived from Kerdock sets and quadratic forms over GF(2).     

On the Mechanism of Polyamide Degradation in Chlorinated Water

Experiments were performed in an attempt to identify the reactive intermediate(s) involved in the degradation of a polyamide, Nylon 66, in chlorinated water. According to previous studies, N‐chlorination is certainly one reaction that ultimately contributes to polyamide degradation. In this case, the intermediates involved could either be Cl₂ or HClO. Available information also indicates that, for many polymers, singlet molecular oxygen (a¹Δ_g), chemically generated from HClO, could likewise be involved as an intermediate in a degradation reaction. Thus, tests were undertaken to specifically address this latter issue with respect to polyamide degradation. The degradation of Nylon 66 was monitored under a variety of conditions by FT‐IR spectroscopy. The rate of degradation was pH‐dependent, and degradation was most pronounced at pH<5. Characteristic tests for the intermediacy of singlet oxygen, however, were negative. Rather, the data strongly pointed to Cl₂ as the key intermediate in the degradation. The presence of compounds capable of being oxidized by Cl₂ arrested the degradation reaction. These results should be pertinent in an attempt to stabilize polymers exposed, e.g., to water that has been chlorinated to kill bacteria (i.e., drinking water).     

In vitro cell irradiation systems based on 210Po alpha source: construction and characterisation

One way of studying the risk to human health of low-level radiation exposure is to make biological experiments on living cell cultures.

Two ²¹⁰Po -particle emitting devices, with 0.5 and 100 MBq activity, were designed and constructed to perform such experiments irradiating monolayers of cells. Estimates of dose rate at the cell surface were obtained from measurements by a PIPS -particle spectrometer and from calculations by the SRIM 2000, Monte Carlo charged particle transport code. Particle fluence area distributions were measured by solid state nuclear track detectors. The design and dosimetric characterisation of the devices are discussed.     

Implementation of the multireference Brillouin-Wigner and Mukherjee's coupled cluster methods with non-iterative triple excitations utilizing reference-level parallelism

In this paper we discuss the performance of the non-iterative state-specific multireference coupled cluster (SS-MRCC) methods accounting for the effect of triply excited cluster amplitudes. The corrections to the Brillouin-Wigner and Mukherjee's MRCC models based on the manifold of singly and doubly excited cluster amplitudes (BW-MRCCSD and Mk-MRCCSD, respectively) are tested and compared with exact full configuration interaction results for small systems (H(2)O, N(2), and Be(3)). For the larger systems (naphthyne isomers) the BW-MRCC and Mk-MRCC methods with iterative singles, doubles, and non-iterative triples (BW-MRCCSD(T) and Mk-MRCCSD(T)) are compared against the results obtained with single reference coupled cluster methods. We also report on the parallel performance of the non-iterative implementations based on the use of processor groups.     

大白鼠的肝电探测及肝电效应

介绍了一种探测大白鼠肝肝电的方法和几种肝电图，并探讨了鼠肝肝电产生的机理；还发现鼠肝具有二极管效应和储电能力．根据鼠肝肝电图和上述肝电效应能明确区分肝功能正常鼠和肝功能异常鼠（包括患肝病鼠）．