南海一号出水景德镇窑与龙泉窑青瓷特征的无损分析研究

古代陶瓷产地研究是陶瓷考古的重要内容,也是科技考古工作者研究的重点。目前国内古代陶瓷产地研究主要依赖化学成分分析技术,对陶瓷釉层结构特征的无损分析研究却相对缺乏,难以对古代陶瓷进行全方位的认知。该研究首次将光学相干层析(OCT)与X射线荧光(XRF)光谱分析技术相结合,对南海一号沉船出水的南宋初期景德镇窑和龙泉窑青瓷瓷釉的断层结构特征和化学成分特征进行综合无损分析研究。首先采用扫频OCT成像系统对两个窑址青瓷瓷釉断层结构及装饰工艺特征进行了研究,分析了青瓷瓷釉类型、釉层厚度、釉层内气泡、包裹体、表面裂纹等特征及分布状况,对比了两窑址青瓷瓷釉断层结构特征,确定了可能采用的装饰工艺。其次,利用X射线荧光(XRF)光谱分析获得了两窑址青瓷胎釉的化学成分,对比研究了两个窑址青瓷胎釉化学成分差异,进而探讨了瓷釉断层OCT图像特征与釉层化学成分之间存在的联系。实验结果表明,景德镇青瓷和龙泉青瓷样品在釉层厚度、气泡、裂纹、包裹体等瓷釉断层结构特征上差异明显,在胎釉化学成分方面,两类青瓷在胎釉着色相关元素、釉层碱性氧化物等成分含量上也存在差异。同时,瓷釉断面结构特征差异与釉层化学成分差异存在紧密联系。实验证明,将OCT与XRF相结合是一种有效的辨别瓷器窑口的科学技术方法。     

SryBa1－yFCl0.5Br0.5:Sm2+在光谱

本文对无机光谱烧孔系列材料SryBa1－yFCl0.5Br0.5:Sm2+中不同组份的样品(y=0,0.25.0.5,0.75.1.00)4f5d能带的激发光谱、不同温度下5D2、5D1、5D0→7F0跃迁的荧光衰减进行了测量,研究了组份的变化对4f5d能带的位置,5D2、5D1、5D0→7F0跃迁的几率和烧孔效率的影响,并得出结论:在该系列材料中,随组份y的增加,4f5d带与5DJ能级更加接近,5D0→7F0的电子跃迁几率增大,烧孔效率提高。     

Barium ferrite (BaFe12O19) thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition on MgO buffered Si substrates

Barium ferrite (BaFe₁₂O₁₉) thin films have been deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on Si substrates with MgO underlayers. The films were deposited in oxygen atmosphere by excimer laser (=248 nm, pulse duration=23 ns) in the temperature range 750–900 °C. The experiments showed that the substrate temperature has remarkable effect on the films magnetic and structural properties. The BaFe₁₂O₁₉ films deposited at 900 °C in 200 mTorr oxygen showed some perpendicular orientation, with a perpendicular squareness of 0.5 and an in-plane squareness of 0.3. Such thin BaFe₁₂O₁₉ films have platelet grains with a size of about 300 nm. The perpendicular saturation magnetization and coercivity are 185 emu/cm³ and 1.4 kOe, respectively. PACS 81.15.Fg.; 75.70.Ak; 75.50.Pp; 68.55.j     

A novel frame shift and integral technique for processing low-light-level moving image sequence

A new method for processing low-light-level moving image sequence is proposed, in which (1) a novel algorithm based on difference processing has been firstly developed to determine the motion parameters of moving image sequence, (2) the spatial relativity of the frames within moving image sequence can be then well established after frame shifting according to motion parameters obtained above, (3) finally, frame integration method can be applied to each processed frame, thereby increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of low-light-level moving image sequence. Experiments have been carried out to verify the validity of the proposed method, which show that the parameters obtained by the developed algorithm coincide well with the actual values, and the SNRs of the moving image sequences were effectively increased with the proposed method, indicating that the method offers significant advantages in the enhancement of low-light-level moving image sequence.     

基于经典小波变换的布里渊光时域反射计光信号处理

布里渊光时域反射计结构的布里渊散射分布式光纤传感器检测的是自发散射光,信号非常微弱,而且频带在几十兆赫兹以上,难以应用普通相干解调方法。针对传感散射光信号特点,提出基于经典(Morlet)小波变换的光相干检测方法。首先采用微波电光调制产生频移参考光和自发布里渊散射光进行相干检测,再应用经典小波变换进行散射光信号的幅度解调,得到信噪比改善的布里渊散射传感光信号。给出了数值模拟和实验数据处理结果,表明经典小波变换能较好地处理布里渊光时域反射计检测信号。并和基于希尔伯特(Hilbert)变换的传感信号处理方法进行了对比,发现此方法优于基于希尔伯特变换的信号处理。     

钢铁检测微型光谱仪的研制

针对国内光电直读型钢铁检测微型光谱仪研究的不足,提出基于Czerny-Turner结构的系统设计方法,讨论了优化方法及验证方法,并加工出了光谱仪。光谱仪采用三次多项式拟合标定波长,实测分辨率在436 nm~608 nm全谱段达0.225 nm、中心谱段达0.135 nm,基本满足钢铁检测要求。提出一种基于多帧判断的定性分析方法,7种待测元素检出限优于1.5%,通过建立拟合光谱数据库实现半定量分析,25种样品检测精度达2%,为钢铁牌号识别提供重要参考。     

循环跃迁的Δ 型三能级系统中的无反转激光

研究了在引入非相干抽运的情况下,循环跃迁的Δ型共振三能级系统中产生的无反转激光.利用主方程的方法, 导出了缀饰态中强相干场极限下布居数项和相干项的稳态近似解析解以及产生无反转激光所需要满足的条件;并利用数值模拟的方法讨论了布居数分布、 系统增益对探测场和相干场拉比频率的依赖性以及随时间的演化规律. 结果表明:无论各个参量取何值,共振Δ型三能级系统总是处于无粒子数反转的状态; 只要探测场或相干场之中有一个为强场,便可产生无反转激光; 当其中任意一个场远强于另一个场时,系统的无反转增益将不再依赖于任何一个场的拉比频率.     

Different classification algorithms and serum surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for noninvasive discrimination of gastric diseases

In this study, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was used to investigate the spectral characteristics of blood serum for the purpose of diagnosing stomach diseases. SERS spectral data was collected from patients with atrophic gastritis, both pre‐operation and post‐operation gastric cancer, and from healthy individuals. Visual differences in the SERS spectra were observed between the four groups which indicate corresponding biomolecule concentration changes in blood. To further investigate the diagnostic ability of human serum, the spectral data was analyzed with three chemometric processes. These three methods extracted features and classified from the spectral data. Principal component analysis (PCA) was first performed to reduce the dimensionality of the original spectral data. Then, the classification methods support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and classification and regression tree (CART) were used for the evaluation of diagnostic ability. Accuracies of 96.5%, 88.8% and 87.1% were obtained for PCA‐SVM, PCA‐LDA and PCA‐CART, respectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scaling properties of phase-change line memory

Phase-change line memory cells with different line widths are fabricated using focused-ion-beam deposited C-Pt as a hard mask. The electrical performance of these memory devices was characterized. The current-voltage (I-V ) and resistance-voltage (R-V ) characteristics demonstrate that the power consumption decreases with the width of the phase-change line. A three-dimensional simulation is carried out to further study the scaling properties of the phase-change line memory. The results show that the resistive amorphous (RESET) power consumption is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the phase-change line, but increases as the line length decreases.     

Gain-assisted indented plasmonic waveguide for low-threshold nanolaser applications

A subwavelength plasmonic indented waveguide with an active InGaAsP core is proposed.The characteristics of the gap plasmon mode and gain required for lossless propagation are investigated and analyzed by the finite element method.We numerically calculate the normalized mode areas and percentages of energy confined in InGaAsP and metal for plasmonic nanolaser applications.It is shown that the indentation of the sidewalls has an optimal value for which the lasing threshold gain is minimal.The structure could enable low-threshold subwavelength lasing and applications for optoelectronic integrated circuits.