Untersuchung der niedrigliegenden Niveaus des54Fe durch die (p,p′γγ)-Reaktion

The low-lying levels of⁵⁴Fe were studied. The method ofγ γ-triple-correlations was used. Angular distributions were also measured. The levels at 2.5 MeV were found to be a doublett, withI=0(⁺) for the 2563 keV-level andI=4(⁺ or 2(⁺) for the lower level at 2539 keV. The experimental level scheme is compared with calculations according to nuclear models.     

A model for strongly coupled spin waves

The connection between a model of coupled oscillators and the system of coupled spin waves is discussed. Also the region ofk-space is estimated in which the spin-wave amplitudes have appreciable magnitude when a normal mode of coupled spin waves is excited.     

Tensor products and discriminants of unital quadratic forms over commutative rings

A tensor product for unital quadratic forms is introduced which extends the product of separable quadratic algebras and is naturally associative and commutative. It admits a multiplicative functor vdis, the vector discriminant, with values in symmetric bilinear forms. We also compute the usual (signed) discriminant of the tensor product in terms of the discriminants of the factors. The orthogonal group scheme of a nonsingular unital quadratic formQ of even rank is isomorphic toZ ₂×SO(Q ⁰) whereQ ⁰ is the restriction of –Q to the space of trace zero elements. We use cohomology to interpret the action of separable quadratic algebras on unital quadratic forms, and to determine which forms of odd rank can be realized asQ ⁰.     

Is It Worth the Effort to Reinforce Polymers With Carbon Nanotubes?

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) show exceptional properties that render them attractive for incorporation in a new generation of high‐performance engineering composites with tailored properties. While a great deal of work has been done toward using CNTs as a reinforcing agent in polymer composites, the full potential of CNTs has yet to be reached. In this work, two case studies were proposed in order to analyze the effectiveness of CNTs and carbon fibers (CFs) as reinforcing agents. Micromechanics models for the stiffness and strength of hybrid composites, comprising CNTs and CFs are derived by considering the concept of effective fiber. In addition, the 2009 prices of commercially available CNTs are reviewed. The strongest, the stiffest, and the cheapest CFs commercially available are compared with single walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs). The simulated results from the micromechanics models show that the use of CFs makes the acquisition of composites with maximum tensile strengths of 4.18 GPa possible. Analysis of the cost versus property relation showed that CNTs are the most viable strengthening option for achieving composites with strengths of up to 11.61 GPa. It is also shown that CFs are the most viable stiffening option, making composites with Young's moduli of up to 383 GPa possible at the expense of the material's toughness. Moreover, it is shown that, in order to achieve CNT's true potential, several challenges have to be faced. CNTs have to be produced with higher purity, longer lengths, better integrity, in larger amounts, and at lower cost. Moreover, issues such as orientation of the CNTs, their concentration, interfacial adhesion, distribution, and dispersion have to be overcome.

     

Nanoporous Network Channels from Self‐Assembled Triblock Copolymer Supramolecules

Supramolecular complexes of a poly(tert‐butoxystyrene)‐block‐polystyrene‐block‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) triblock copolymers and less than stoichiometric amounts of pentadecylphenol (PDP) are shown to self‐assemble into a core–shell gyroid morphology with the core channels formed by the hydrogen‐bonded P4VP(PDP)complexes. After structure formation, PDP was removed using a simple washing procedure, resulting in well‐ordered nanoporous films that were used as templates for nickel plating.

     

Optical and X-ray emission spectroscopy of high-power laser-induced dielectric breakdown in molecular gases and their mixtures

Large-scale plasma was created in molecular gases (CO, CO2, N2, H2O) and their mixtures by high-power laser-induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB). Compositions of the mixtures used are those suggested for the early earth's atmosphere of neutral and/or mildly reducing character. Time-integrated optical spectra emitted from the laser spark have been measured and analyzed. The spectra of the plasma generated in the CO-containing mixtures are dominated by emission of both C2 and CN radicals. A vibrational temperature of approximately 10(4) K was determined according to an intensity distribution in a vibronic structure of the CN (B2Sigma(+)u-X2Sigma(+)g) violet band. For comparison, the NH3-CH4-H2-H2O mixture has been irradiated as a model of the strongly reducing version of the early earth's atmosphere. In this mixture, excited CN seems to be significantly less abundant than C2. The LIDB experiments were in the molecular gases carried out not only in the static cell but also using a large, double stream pulse jet (gas puff target) placed in the vacuum interaction chamber. The obtained soft X-ray emission spectra indicate the presence of highly charged atomic ions in the hot core of high-power laser sparks.     

Aktivierungsanalytische Untersuchung von Zirkoniumlegierungen

Durch Aktivierungsanalyse mit Reaktorneutronen (zerstörungsfrei und mit chemischer Aufarbeitung) sowie mittels zerstörungsfreier Untersuchungen an einem Neutronengenerator wurden O, Al, Si, P, Mn, Cu, Nb, Mo, Cd, Ti, Cr und Hf in Zirkoniumlegierungen bestimmt.