Three-dimensional dynamic Green’s functions for a multilayered transversely isotropic half-space

With the aid of a method of displacement potentials, an efficient and accurate analytical derivation of the three-dimensional dynamic Green’s functions for a transversely isotropic multilayered half-space is presented. Constituted by proper algebraic factorizations, a set of generalized transmission–reflection matrices and internal source fields that are free of any numerically unstable exponential terms are proposed for effective computations of the potential solution. Three-dimensional point-load Green’s functions for stresses and displacements are given, for the first time, in the complex-plane line-integral representations. The present formulations and solutions are analytically in exact agreement with the existing solutions given by Pak and Guzina (2002) for the isotropic case. For the numerical computation of the integrals, a robust and effective methodology which gives the necessary account of the presence of singularities including branch points and poles on the path of integration is laid out. A comparison with the existing numerical solutions for multilayered isotropic half-space is made to confirm the accuracy of the numerical solutions.     

A first eigenvalue estimate for embedded hypersurfaces

Suppose that M is a compact orientable hypersurface embedded in a compact n-dimensional orientable Riemannian manifold N. Suppose that the Ricci curvature of N is bounded below by a positive constant k. We show that 2λ₁>k−(n−1)maxM|H| where λ₁ is the first eigenvalue of the Laplacian of M and H is the mean curvature of M.     

Electrophilic reactions of group six element halides. 11. Synthesis of the condensed system selen (tellur) azino-[2, 3-g,h] carbazole

2-Halomethylidene-1,4-selen (tellur) azino [2, 3-g, h] carbazoles are prepared by the seleno (telluro) halogenation of N-propargylcarbazole under heterogeneous reaction conditions.See [1] for Communication 10.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 126–128, January, 1990.     

Fast and low error color encrypted computer-generated hologram based on amplitude-phase modulation with a random mask for an identification tag application

A new APM computer-generated hologram algorithm for minimizing DC components and more effective data recovery is presented for the purpose of an ID tag application. In this method, a technique of randomization of the input data is introduced prior to the Fourier transform. As a result, DC components are localized at the center region, which is only 1 data cell, regardless of input data. The size of the tag pattern is reduced 2.25 times using a color encryption technique. Our experimental result through the image captured by a camera also shows that approximately 50% damaged APM-CGH tags can be reconstructed at a low error rate of about 1.8%.     

Sensitization of Tb<Superscript>3+</Superscript> luminescence with polypyridyl ligands in a nafion membrane

Perfluorosulfonic membranes were modified by terbium(III) polypyridyl complexes by ionexchange sorption of cations followed by addition of ligands. The luminescence sensitization degree is compared with the state of ligands in the grafted complexes. In the case of the terbium(III) 4,7-diphenylphenanthroline complex, strong blue luminescence of the ligand is observed, along with radiation transitions of the cation. The character of luminescence quenching in modified membranes in a wet medium is determined by the ability of ligands to prevent terbium from adsorbing water molecules.     

Electrochemical modification of Bi2S3 coatings in a nickel plating electrolyte

The electrochemical behavior of Bi₂S₃ coatings in Watts nickel plating electrolyte was investigated using the cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis methods. During the bismuth sulfide coating reduction in Watts background electrolyte in the potential region from −0.4 to −0.6 V, the Bi₂S₃ and Bi(III) oxygen compounds are reduced to metallic Bi, and the decrease in coating mass is related to the transfer of S²⁻ ions from the electrode surface. When the bismuth sulfide coating is reduced in Watts nickel plating electrolyte, the observed increase in coating mass in the potential region −0.1 to −0.4 V is conditioned by Ni²⁺ ions reduction before the bulk deposition of Ni, initiated by Bi₂S₃. In this potential region, the reduction of Bi(III) oxygen compounds can occur. After the treatment of as-deposited bismuth sulfide coating in nickel plating electrolyte at E = −0.3 V, the sheet resistance of the layer decreases from 10¹³ to 500–700 Ω cm. A metal-rich mixed sulfide Ni₃Bi₂S₂–parkerite is obtained when as-deposited bismuth sulfide coating is treated in Watts nickel plating electrolyte at a potential close to the equilibrium potential of the Ni/Ni²⁺ system and then annealed at temperatures higher than 120 °C.     

Geometric approach to asymptotic expansion of Feynman integrals

We present an algorithm that reveals relevant contributions in non-threshold-type asymptotic expansion of Feynman integrals about a small parameter. It is shown that the problem reduces to finding a convex hull of a set of points in a multidimensional vector space.     

Characterization of mitochondria isolated from normal and ischemic hearts in rats utilizing atomic force microscopy

Mitochondria play critical roles in both the life and the death of cardiac myocytes. Various factors, such as the loss of ATP synthesis and increase of ATP hydrolysis, impairment in ionic homeostasis, formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and release of proapoptotic proteins are related to the generation of irreversible damage. It has been proposed that the release of cytochrome c is caused by a swelling of the mitochondrial matrix triggered by the apoptotic stimuli. However, there is a controversy about whether or not the mitochondria, indeed, swell during apoptosis. The major advantages of atomic force microscopy (AFM) over conventional optical and electron microscopes for bio-imaging include the fact that no special coating and vacuum are required and imaging can be done in all environments--air, vacuum or aqueous conditions. In addition, AFM force-distance curve measurements have become a fundamental tool in the fields of surface chemistry, biochemistry, and material science. In this study, we used AFM to observe the morphological and property changes in heart mitochondria that were isolated from a rat myocardial infarction model. From the shape parameters of the mitochondria in the AFM topographic image, it seemed that myocardial infarction caused the mitochondrial swelling. Also, the results of force-distance measurements showed that the adhesion force of heart mitochondria was significantly decreased by myocardial in infarction. Therefore, we suggested that myocardial infarction might be the cause of mitochondrial swelling and the changes in outer membrane of heart mitochondria.     

Hopf hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians with generalized Tanaka-Webster \mathfrak{D}^ \bot-parallel structure Jacobi operator

Regarding the generalized Tanaka-Webster connection, we considered a new notion of \(\mathfrak{D}^ \bot\) -parallel structure Jacobi operator for a real hypersurface in a complex two-plane Grassmannian G ₂(? ^m+2) and proved that a real hypersurface in G ₂(? ^m+2) with generalized Tanaka-Webster \(\mathfrak{D}^ \bot\) -parallel structure Jacobi operator is locally congruent to an open part of a tube around a totally geodesic quaternionic projective space ?P ⁿ in G ₂(? ^m+2), where m = 2n.