类真体——对企业本体论的认知

对"企业是什么"的探讨产生了诸多企业理论的研究学派,但这些理论只解释了企业的一些片段,未能认知企业本体.因此引入人工智能Agent的概念,认为企业是以计算经济盈亏为主要特征的类真体,并提出"本真体"和"实真体"的概念,与类真体构成了现代企业本体认知的基本概念体系,来证明将人工智能理论和方法引入企业理论的逻辑合理性,以期许解决企业理论的本原问题.     

Manufacturer’s revenue-sharing contract and retail competition

This paper investigates a revenue-sharing contract for coordinating a supply chain comprising one manufacturer and two competing retailers. The manufacturer, as a Stackelberg leader, offers a revenue-sharing contract to two competing retailers who face stochastic demand before the selling season. Under the offered contract terms, the competing retailers are to determine the quantities to be ordered from the manufacturer, prior to the season, and the retail price at which to sell the items during the season. The process of pricing and ordering is expected to result in an equilibrium as in the Bayesian Nash game. On the basis of anticipated responses and actions of the retailers, the manufacturer designs the revenue-sharing contract. Adopting the classic newsvendor problem model framework and using numerical methods, the study finds that the provision of revenue-sharing in the contract can obtain better performance than a price-only contract. However, the benefits earned under the revenue-sharing contract by different supply chain partners differ because of the impact of demand variability and price-sensitivity factors. The paper also analyses the impact of demand variability on decisions about optimal retail price, order quantity and profit sharing between the manufacturer and the retailers. Lastly, it investigates how the competition (between retailers) factor influences the decision-making of supply chain members in response to uncertain demand and profit variability.     

Colloid chemical reaction route to the preparation of nearly monodispersed perylene nanoparticles: size-tunable synthesis and three-dimensional self-organization

By employing a colloid chemical reaction method we demonstrate the preparation of organic nanoparticles composed of perylene molecules (PeNPs) based on the reduction of perylene perchlorate by Br- anions in the presence of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTA+Br-) in acetonitrile. A discrete nucleation event, followed by a slower controlled growth on the existing particles, is identified during formation of PeNPs. By changing the growth parameters, such as the monomer concentration and the method of injection, quasi-spherical PeNPs with controllable sizes from 25 to 90 nm could be obtained. The homogeneous solution phase of this method makes it capable of large-scale synthesis of PeNPs with a size distribution (<10%) that is improved by formation of a protective layer of CTA+ around the PeNPs. The three-dimensional, hierarchical self-organization of 25-nm PeNPs building blocks is observed to form nanobelts and square nanorods, possibly templated by the CTA+ lamellar micelle structures in acetonitrile. Spectroscopic results reveal two kinds of trends in the development of the optical properties of perylene as they evolve from the molecular to the bulk phase in the nanometer range. The so-called size dependence is evidenced by a switch from Y-type to E-type excimers as the size of the PeNPs increased from 25 to 90 nm. As the 25-nm PeNPs organize into nanobelts or square nanorods the oscillator strength of the Y-type excimers is relatively enhanced. That is, collective phenomena develop as the proximal particles interact in the glassy solids. Our very recent results indicate that this colloid chemical reaction method can also be applied to other organic compounds.     

CRISPR-Cas12a System for Biosensing and Gene Regulation

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is a promising technology in the biological world. As one of the CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, Cas12a is an RNA-guided nuclease in the type V CRISPR-Cas system, which has been a robust tool for gene editing. In addition, due to the discovery of target-binding-induced indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity of Cas12a, CRISPR-Cas12a also exhibits great promise in biosensing. This minireview not only gives a brief introduction to the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas12a but also highlights the recent developments and applications in biosensing and gene regulation. Finally, future prospects of the CRISPR-Cas12a system are also discussed. We expect this minireview will inspire innovative work on the CRISPR-Cas12a system by making full use of its features and advantages.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Novel Star-Shaped π-Conjugated Oligomers with Triphenylamine Core

Four new star‐shaped π‐conjugated oligomers ( TPA‐CZ3 , TPA‐TPA3 , TPA‐PTZ3 and TPA‐BT3 ) with triphenylamine as a core and different electron‐donating ability groups, carbazole, triphenylamine, phenothiazine and bithiophene, as peripheral units have been designed and synthesized via the Heck reaction. These oligomers show good solubility in common organic solvents. Their photophysical, electrochemical, electronic structure and charge transfer properties between these star‐shaped π‐conjugated oligomers and N,N′‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4:9,10‐perylene bis(tetracarboxyl diimide) (EP‐PDI) have been investigated by UV‐vis absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement, theoretical calculations and fluorescence quenching. The results show that the absorptions and fluorescences of TPA‐CZ3 , TPA‐TPA3 and TPA‐PTZ3 are red shifted with the electron‐donating ability of the peripheral unit increasing from carbazole to triphenylamine and phenothiazine. In addition, although the bithiophene group has a weaker electron‐donating ability than carbazole, triphenylamine and phenothiazine, the absorption and fluorescence of TPA‐BT3 have a red shift than those of TPA‐CZ3 , TPA‐TPA3 and TPA‐PTZ3 because TPA‐BT3 has a longer conjugation length than TPA‐CZ3 , TPA‐TPA3 and TPA‐PTZ3 . The triphenylamine core and the peripheral units can constitute a large conjugated structure. The fluorescence quenching properties indicate that efficient charge transfer can happen between the star‐shaped oligomers and EP‐PDI.     

Spontaneous Ga incorporation in ZnO nanowires epitaxially grown on GaN substrate

Surface‐diffusion‐induced spontaneous Ga incorporation process is demonstrated in ZnO nanowires grown on GaN substrate. Crucially, contrasting distributions of Ga atoms in axial and radial directions are experimentally observed. Ga atoms uniformly distribute along the ～10 μm long ZnO nanowire and show a rapidly gradient distribution in the radial direction, which is attributed substantially to the difference between surface and volume diffusion. The understanding on the incorporation process can potentially modulate doping and properties in semiconductor nanomaterials.

     

A Novel Colorimetric and Fluorescent “Off-On” Chemosensor for Cu2+ Based on a Rhodamine Derivative Bearing Naphthyridine Group

A new rhodamine-based derivative bearing a naphthyridine group (compound 1) was synthesized as a colorimetric and fluorescent “off-on” chemosensor for Cu²⁺ in aqueous solutions. The sensing behaviors of 1 toward various metal ions in neutral aqueous solutions were investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Compound 1 is found to exhibit a significant increase in absorbance at 561 nm and an amplified fluorescence at 590 nm toward Cu²⁺ in a selective, sensitive and rapid manner. The quantification of Cu²⁺ by 1 using an absorption spectroscopy method was satisfactory in the linear working range 0.9–10 μM, with a detection limit of 5.4?×?10^?8?M for Cu²⁺ and good tolerance of other metal ions. Upon addition of Cu²⁺, the spirolactam ring (colorless and nonfluorescent) of 1 was opened to ring-opened amide (red color and fluorescent) and a 1:1 stoichiochemetry for the 1-Cu²⁺ complex was formed with an association constant of 1.57?×?10⁴?M^?1.     

涤棉混纺织物近红外定量分析模型的建立及相关问题探讨

在废旧纺织品回收再利用中,纤维类型和含量的快速、准确测定是回收方案的关键部分。以598个废旧涤棉混纺织物为研究对象,采用便携式近红外（NIR）光谱仪测试了样品的原始近红外光谱。在1 400～1 700和1 900～2 200 nm光谱区域,100％棉和100％聚酯样品的光谱存在明显差异,并且这些光谱差异存在于各种颜色纤维上。同时探讨了斜线光谱产生的原因可能是由于织物表面效果、着色方法及粘附在纤维表面的细小颗粒造成的。深色样品易造成其光谱基线在短波区发生漂移,经导数预处理后,基线漂移基本消除,斜线光谱呈现出正常光谱的特征。利用偏最小二乘（PLS）法结合一阶导数、S-G平滑、均值中心化和正交信号校正法,建立了废旧棉-涤混纺织物定量分析模型。为了验证模型的可靠性,选取346个样本采用内部交叉验证均方根误差（RMSECV）和预测样品集外部检验法对模型进行检验,模型的RMSECV值0.002、校正集相关系数R_C＝0.998、预测相关系数R_P=0.997、预测标准差SEP＝1.121,模型预测正确率可达97％。对模型进行匹配样本t检验结果显示,NIR方法与国家标准方法无显着性差异。NIR预测值与重量法测定值误差在±3％以内时,二者的一致性在90％以上,当误差在±5％以内,二者的一致性在95％以上,分析时间小于10 s。因此,利用近红外技术结合所建模型可以快速、准确地预测废旧棉/涤混纺织物纤维成分的含量。     

Self-Assembly of Micro-Parts onto Si Substrates at Liquid-Liquid Interface

We report a new approach for the self-assembly of cuboid micro-parts onto Si substrates to construct three-dimensional microstructures. To perform assembly, the Si substrates are prepared with a deep cavity array as binding sites. An aggregate composed of hundreds of uniformly aligned micro-parts is formed at the C10F18-H2O interface. The micro-parts are arranged by passing the substrate through the aggregate of micro-parts, thus the micro-parts are left on the substrate, and then the substrate is vibrated ultrasonically in the solution, making it possible for the micro-parts to fall into the cavities on the substrate. Finally the substrate is pulled out of the solution after assembly. This technique could give a high yield of up to 70%, providing a new method for micro-assembly.     

KBiMS4 (M=Si, Ge): Synthesis, structure, and electronic structure

Two new bismuth sulfides KBiSiS₄ and KBiGeS₄ have been synthesized by means of the reactive flux method. They adopt the RbBiSiS₄ structure type and crystallize in space group P2₁/c of the monoclinic system. The structure consists of (M=Si, Ge) layers separated by bicapped trigonal-prismatically coordinated K atoms. The M atom is tetrahedrally coordinated to four S atoms and the Bi atom is coordinated to a distorted monocapped trigonal prism of seven S atoms. The optical band gap of 2.25(2) eV for KBiSiS₄ was deduced from the diffuse reflectance spectrum. From a band structure calculation, the optical absorption for KBiSiS₄ originates from the layer. The Si 3p orbitals, Bi 6p orbitals, and S 3p orbitals are highly hybridized near the Fermi level. The orbitals of K have no contributions on both the upper of valence band and the bottom of conduction band.