煤直接制甲烷系统的热力学分析

通过Ca基吸收剂的引入,将煤的气化反应、甲烷化反应和CO₂吸收反应集成在同一反应器内,形成煤直接制甲烷系统,可缩短传统煤制甲烷系统流程,提高转化效率。分析了热力学平衡状态下温度、压力、Ca/C比和H₂O/C比对气体产物产量的影响。结果表明降低反应温度和提高反应压力有利于甲烷的产生,而Ca/C比和H₂O/C比的选取存在最优值,得到了煤直接制甲烷体系较为适宜的反应条件为:500～700℃,5～10 MPa,Ca/C=0.5,H₂O/C=1。     

水热法制备一维钛酸纳米材料及其在太阳光反射涂料中的应用研究

以微米级二氧化钛(P25)为原料,用水热法制备了一维纳米钛酸材料,分析了纳米钛酸的形貌、红外特性和晶体结构。并进一步对纳米钛酸作为太阳光反射涂料填料的效果进行了研究,其涂层在可见光波段(380～780 nm)范围平均反射率可达到76.15%,在红外波段(780～2500 nm)范围平均反射率可达47.34%。     

斯特林发动机换热器系统内工质的压力传递变化特性研究

斯特林发动机由于其外部加热特性适合用于分布式供能系统而正在得到越来越多的重视。斯特林机运转时,其内部工质的压力传递变化特性决定了输出机械功率的大小。本文首先采用施密特分析法对自主研制的某型斯特林机在预充氦气压力为2 MPa的工况下计算其压力的周期性变化情况,然后在同样的工况下用实验测试的方法研究工质在换热器系统内的压力传递变化特性。最后比较理论计算值与实验测试值得出,施密特分析法可以反映出斯特林机换热器系统内工质压力的真实变化情况,且叠网式的回热器结构是造成换热器系统内压力损失的主要因素之一。     

撞击流中颗粒碰撞传热理论模型研究

建立了考虑颗粒接触面导热的颗粒碰撞传热模型,相应完善了气固两相撞击流理论模型,并对不同条件的撞击流干燥过程进行了模拟。计算结果与实验结果非常吻合,从而验证了所建模型的正确性。本文还分析了颗粒碰撞传热、加料方式以及喷嘴间距对撞击流干燥性能的影响规律。结果表明:在本文所涉及的撞击流干燥过程中,颗粒碰撞传热对干燥性能的影响并不明显;单边加料时颗粒物料的降水幅度及撞击流装置的干燥强度都明显大于双边加料的工况;喷嘴间距较大时,物料的降水幅度及装置的干燥强度均较大。     

应用FTIR确定多孔绝热材料的热辐射参数

本文采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)确定气凝胶及其复合绝热材料的热辐射物性参数。采用FTIR测量了绝热材料在2.5～25μm光谱范围内的光谱穿透率,进而计算得到质量光谱衰减系数和Rossland平均质量衰减系数。结果表明,绝热材料的光谱衰减系数具有很强的光谱依赖性,被测材料的Rossland平均衰减系数随温度的升高而降低。被测材料的辐射导热系数几乎与温度的立方呈正比,并随着密度的增大而降低。     

Optimization of the three-dimensional electric f ield in IH-DTL

The tuning process of the three-dimensional electric field near the beam axis is very important in the optimization of the Interdigital H-mode Drift Tube Linac (IH-DTL). The tuning of the longitudinal field distribution, the Kilpatrik (Kp) factor, and the transverse dipole field have been discussed in detail, combined with the radio-frequency tuning process of the 53.667 MHz short IH-DTL cavity, which was designed to accelerate ²³⁸U³⁴⁺ from 0.143 MeV/u to 0.289 MeV/u in the SSC-Linac injector project at the Institute of Modern Physics. The flatness criterion and the tube tuning method are discussed in order to meet the beam dynamics requirements. In the tube tuning process, the energy gain error in the cells should be reduced to less than ±2%, and the Kp factor should be reduced to 1.6. The transverse dipole field and the method that uses a "plunger" to dismiss this dipole field are evaluated. The experience gained from the first cavity optimization benefits the tuning process of the three remaining IH-DTL cavities in the SSC-Linac project.     

Design of undercuts and dipole stabilizer rods for the CPHS RFQ accelerator

As part of the design and machining of the RFQ accelerator in the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS) project at Tsinghua University, the design process of the undercuts and dipole stabilizer rods is presented in this paper. In particular, the relationship between the inter-vane voltage slope and the local frequency of the undercut section is described quantitatively. With the identification of modes existing in the cavity, the specific parameters are optimized by the SUPERFISH and MAFIA codes. In addition, the water-cooling requirement of the dipole stabilizer rods is briefly discussed.     

A novel, universal and sensitive lateral-flow based method for the detection of multiple bacterial contamination in platelet concentrations

In the present study, we aimed to develop a nucleic acid lateral-flow method for the rapid and sensitive detection of multiple bacteria that contaminate platelet concentrations (PCs). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons were produced by a set of board-range primers that recognize the conserved region of bacteria 16S rDNA, followed by hybridization with both an FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-labelled probe and biotin-labelled probe, and then a nucleic acid lateral-flow dipstick (LFD) assay. The LFD accurately identified 7 species of bacteria, but had no cross-reactivity with human genomic DNA. The limit of detection (LOD) of the LFD assay was as low as 10(1) copies/μL of 16S rDNA for plasmid. In the case of spiked PCs without enrichment, the detection limit of LFD for K. pneumonia was 5 CFU/mL, 6.5 × 10(4) CFU/mL for the S. epidermidis and 35 CFU/mL for P. aeruginosa.     

无机纳米填料在环氧树脂中的应用及分散

无机纳米材料可提高环氧树脂的韧性、模量、耐热性等性能,在航空、汽车、电子材料、工程陶瓷材料等方面得到应用。纳米材料在环氧树脂中存在着易团聚的问题,有效的分散方法包括物理分散和化学分散,物理分散包括研磨分散、超声分散、高压均质分散等;化学分散包括偶联剂法、表面修饰法、溶胶―凝胶法等。影响化学分散的因素有分散剂的用量、处理剂和溶剂的种类等。     

一种基于微流控芯片的生物样品循环给样富集方法

提出了一种基于微流控芯片的生物样品循环给样方法,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)软光刻工艺制作了包括环形蠕动微泵和电磁微阀的微流控芯片,通过与免疫探针芯片的集成,实现了对探针芯片的循环给样及在其上的免疫样品富集。采用不同浓度的羊抗兔IgG(FITC标记)样品与兔IgG探针免疫结合3 min,得到循环流动比静态吸附的荧光光强值更高,可使检出限降低。对于50 mg/L羊抗兔IgG样品,流速从130μL/min增至300μL/min时,免疫结合的速度明显加快,可使同一时刻的检出限降低;而样品浓度提高到200 mg/L时,增大流速对免疫反应的促进效果弱于低浓度时的变化。在样品浓度50 mg/L和循环流速300μL/min的条件下,循环给样方式仅需7μL样品溶液就得到了与持续进样约1.8 mL样品溶液基本一致的结果。