借助液体透射电镜原位分析钯纳米棒的可控性氧化刻蚀

借助原位液体透射电镜,我们观察并研究了钯纳米棒溶液环境下的氧化刻蚀的微观行为及机理。通过改变钯纳米棒所处的液体环境,有效地控制了钯纳米棒的氧化刻蚀行为。由于端部具有较高的反应活性,钯纳米棒在氯化铁溶液中的氧化刻蚀会选择沿着轴向进行,具有明显的各向异性。当反应在超薄液层进行时,钯纳米棒的氧化刻蚀会变为准各向同性。这种行为是由于超薄溶液中溶解产物以及氧化物的扩散被抑制,在纳米棒端部选择性发生的氧化刻蚀会受到阻碍。最后,我们发现在钯纳米棒端部选择性沉积金,可以保护纳米棒的端部不受氧化,从而能控制刻蚀沿着钯纳米棒的径向进行。本文的研究结果对贵金属纳米晶的结构参数的精确调控以利于实际应用具有重要的意义。     

"我"——"三草酸合铁(Ⅲ)酸钾晶体"的生长及影响因素

This article tries to personify potassium ferrioxalate crystal as "I" to describe the formation process and the factors affecting the growth of potassium ferrioxalate crystal. After growing into beautiful green crystals, I dreamed I was participating in the jewelry beauty contest. A serious of wonderful conversations between emerald and I revealed the properties and applications of potassium ferrioxalate crystal. It inspires and guides students to understand the growth of crystals and their properties, and it also stimulates students' interest in studying chemistry.     

三(三甲基硅烷)亚磷酸酯添加剂改善高镍三元正极材料的高电压循环性能

研究了三(三甲基硅烷)亚磷酸酯(TMSP)添加剂对高镍三元正极材料Li Ni_(0.83)Mn_(0.05)Co_(0.12)O_2(LNMC811)高电压循环性能的影响。结合电化学表征、理论计算、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究发现,在高电位(4.5 Vvs Li/Li~+)下,TMSP添加剂能够在LNMC811正极表面被氧化分解,生成一层富含导锂离子性能好的硅酸盐和电化学稳定的无机碳酸锂,且电解液主要分解产物(有机碳酸锂和氟化锂)含量较少的正极固体电解质界面(CEI)膜;分析表明覆盖在正极表面的薄而均匀的CEI膜,能够很好的降低充放电过程的极化电压,隔离电解液和正极的接触,减少电解液的分解,抑制金属离子的溶出,稳定正极晶体结构,使LNMC811材料能够在4.5 V(vs Li/Li~+)高电压循环时仍然保持良好的循环性能和倍率性能。     

在紫外和可见光下具有高催化活性的珊瑚状金红石型二氧化钛的制备

采用溶剂热法在二乙二醇溶液中制备了珊瑚状的金红石二氧化钛(Rut-dg)。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表明样品呈均匀分散的球形颗粒,直径约为1μm,表面具有珊瑚状的突起结构,半径约10 nm。氮气吸附-脱附结果表明样品比表面达到228 m2·g-1,是商品金红石的7倍多。由于其特殊的形貌,Rut-dg在紫外光下的催化产氢量达到25 000μmol·g-1·h-1,比P25高出50%,是商品金红石活性的13倍。在可见光下的产氢量为270μmol·g-1·h-1,而P25和商品金红石则没有明显活性。进一步实验表明,Rut-dg样品表面检测不到可能引起活性增加的有机杂质存在,因此,珊瑚状的形貌是影响活性的重要因素。样品在300℃焙烧后,珊瑚状表面结构明显烧结,比表面下降了50%,导致产氢量下降了15%～25%,这也说明珊瑚状结构大大促进了光催化产氢活性的提高。     

Salamo型三核镍(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构与Hirshfeld表面分析

合成了2种新设计的Salamo型配合物,{[Ni（L¹）（n-propanol）]₂（OAc）₂Ni}·2（n-propanol）（1）和{[Ni（L²）（n-butanol）]₂（OAc）₂Ni}·2（n-butanol）（2）,并用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、Hirshfeld表面分析和单晶X射线晶体学对其进行了表征。X射线晶体学分析表明,配合物1和2均为对称的三核镍（Ⅱ）配合物。1和2中的镍（Ⅱ）都是六配位的,形成了扭曲的八面体几何构型。晶体结构分析和Hirshfeld表面分析均表明,1和2通过分子间氢键作用分别形成稳定的一维链状和二维超分子结构。     

氧化石墨烯/多壁碳纳米管负载金铂核壳纳米粒子构建一种三维新型抗坏血酸电化学传感器

该文采用涂覆的方式构建了一种用于灵敏检测抗坏血酸(AA)的电化学传感器。先将多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和氧化石墨烯(GO)混合悬浮液修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,修饰的GO可有效防止MWCNTs聚集,再将具有良好电催化性能的金铂核壳纳米粒子(Au@Pt NPs)修饰在GO/MWCNTs电极上,层层组装构建形成GO/MWCNTs/Au@Pt NPs/GCE三维新型抗坏血酸电化学传感器。该修饰电极在磷酸缓冲溶液中对AA显示了较宽的线性范围和极低的检出限,氧化峰电流与AA浓度在0.005～0.5μmol/L和0.5～1 000μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0.999,检出限(S/N=3)为4×10~(-9) mol/L,稀释人体血清样品的加标浓度为0.01、0.1、10μmol/L,回收率为90.9%～108%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)为1.2%～2.8%。该修饰电极对AA具有良好的选择性,可有效排除多巴胺、尿酸、葡萄糖等生物小分子的干扰。方法简单、高效、灵敏,可用于临床实际检测。     

Carboxyl-functionalized Nanocellulose Reinforced Nanocomposite Proton Exchange Membrane

Nanocellulose(NCC) was prepared through the acid hydrolysis of microcellulose(MCC) and was reacted with maleic anliydride to obtain carboxyl-functionized nanocellulose(MA-NCCs). The presence of .OH and .SO3H on the surface of rod-like MA-NCC was confirmed by Fourier transfonn infrared spectrometry(FTIR). Sulfonated poly(aryl ether ether ketone ketone)(Ph-SPEEKK) was synthesized with bis(4-fluorophenyl-methanone) and 2-phenylhydroquinone as monomer. MA-NCC/Ph-SPEEKK nanocomposite membranes with different MA-NCCs content were prepared, and their properties were characterized. Compared with Ph-SPEEKK, MA-NCC/Ph-SPEEKK nanocomposite membrane showed better mechanical and thermal properties and higher proton conductivity. The proton conductivity of the composite membrane with 4%(mass fraction) MA-NCCs under 80℃ was 0.095 S/cm. And its tensile strength reached 30.3 MPa, which was 21.2% higher than that of Ph-SPEEKK pure polymer membrane.     

Benzohydrazide Derivatives: Gelation and Application in Oil Spill Recovery

The synthesis and gelation properties of a series of organogelators containing a benzohydrazide unit and two alkoxy chains(oBn) were reported herein. oBn(n=8, 10, 12) could form stable gels in commercial fuels(e.g., diesel), which were characterized by low critical gelation concentrations(CGCs) and good mechanical properties (G'>10⁵ Pa). The gelation process was further studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD), etc. It was demonstrated that in these organogels, molecules self-assembled into fibrils 3D-network, where hydrogen bonding, van der Waals force and π-π interaction were confirmed as the driving forces. As compounds oBn(n=8, 10, 12) show very good gelation properties in diesel, their applications in oil spill treatment have also been tested. It was found that oBn could achieve rapid (<30 s) and effective oil removal at room temperature, being good candidates for oil spill treatment in the future. Also, the removal efficiency could be as high as 95%.     

Simultaneous Visualization of Endogenous Homocysteine,Cysteine, Glutathione,and their Transformation through Different Fluorescence Channels

Studying numerous biologically important species simultaneously is crucial to understanding cellular functions and the root causes of related diseases. Direct visualization of endogenous biothiols in biological systems is of great value to understanding their biological roles. Herein, a novel multi‐signal fluorescent probe was rationally designed and exploited for the simultaneous sensing of homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH) using different emission channels. This probe was successfully applied to the simultaneous discrimination between and visualization of endogenous Hcy, Cys, GSH, and their transformation in living cells.     

An investigation of an active landing gear system to reduce aircraft vibrations caused by landing impacts and runway excitations

A mathematical model is developed to control aircraft vibrations caused by runway excitation using an active landing gear system. Equations are derived to describe the integrated aircraft-active system. The nonlinear characteristics of the system are modelled and it is actively controlled using a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) strategy. The performance of this system and its corresponding passive system are compared using numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that the impact loads and the vertical displacement of the aircraft's centre of gravity caused by landing and runway excitations are greatly reduced using the active system, which result in improvements to the performance of the landing gear system, benefits the aircraft's fatigue life, taxiing performance, crew/passenger comfort and reduces requirements on the unevenness of runways.