化学共沉淀法制备单相BiFeO3粉体及其高密度单相陶瓷块材的物理性能

通过对Fe3+-Bi3+-NO-3-H2O体系的热力学分析,确定了Bi3+、Fe3+共沉淀范围为p H=7~12。固定p H=11,采用共沉淀法制备了Bi Fe O3的前驱体,经过煅烧得到了单相Bi Fe O3粉体,并进行了粒度和晶体结构的研究。采用放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)的方法制备出高密度单相Bi Fe O3陶瓷块材并测试了其介电性能和铁电性能。结果表明,陶瓷块材相对密度为96.7%;陶瓷块材在频率为30 MHz时,介电常数ε’为91.9,介电损耗tanδ为0.017;陶瓷块材在室温时具有铁电性。在电场强度为30 k V/cm时,饱和极化强度Ps’=0.40μC/cm2,剩余极化强度Pr’=0.17μC/cm2,矫顽场强度EC=16 k V/cm。放电等离子烧结(SPS)出的陶瓷块材比传统常压烧结制备的陶瓷块材更加致密,介电和铁电性能更加优良。     

A hydrogen peroxide biosensor with high stability based on gelatin-multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode

A biosensor with high stability was prepared to determine hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). This hydrogen peroxide biosensor was obtained by modifying glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a composite film composed of gelatin-multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Catalase (Cat) was covalently immobilized into gelatin-multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified GCE through the well-known glutaraldehyde (GAD) chemistry in order to enhance the stability of electrodes. The enzyme sensor can achieve direct electrochemical response of hydrogen peroxide. The cyclic voltammograms at different scan rates, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests indicate that the enzyme sensor performs positively on increasing permeability, reducing the electron transfer resistance, and improving the electrode performance. The linear response of standard curve for H₂O₂ is in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9972, and the detection limit of 0.001 mM. A high operational and storage stability is demonstrated for the biosensor. The peak potential at room temperature in two consecutive weeks stays almost consistent, and the enzyme activity is kept stable even after 30 days in further study.     

TiO_2光催化剂的形貌与晶面调控

二氧化钛(TiO2)具有化学稳定性高、无毒、价格低廉、来源广泛及光电性能优异等优点,被广泛应用于太阳能电池和光催化等领域,尤其是在污染物的光催化降解方面,可很好地解决当前的环境污染问题。但一方面受带隙宽度限制,使其对太阳光的利用率不足5%,不能充分利用太阳光中的可见光;另一方面由于光生电子-空穴容易结合,催化效率低,从而使TiO2的实际应用受到限制。因此必须采取合适的措施,一方面要增强TiO2对可见光的吸收,提高对太阳光的利用率;另一方面要抑制光生电子-空穴的复合,提高光催化效率。目前越来越多的科学家通过控制TiO2的形貌、晶型、特殊晶面暴露等手段来提高TiO2光生电子-空穴的传输速率和光电转换效率。本文主要综述了近年来在TiO2光催化剂的特殊形貌和特殊晶面暴露等方面的研究进展,对未来的研究和发展方向作了展望。     

核壳结构Cu@CoW的合成和对硼氨配合物水解的催化性能

分别以硼氨配合物和硼氢化钠为还原剂合成了核壳结构的Cu@CoW三元合金催化剂和非核壳结构的CuCoW三元合金催化剂,25℃下,Cu0.4@Co0.5W0.1三元合金催化剂对于硼氨配合物水解反应的TOF(转换频率)值达到0.369 0 molH2·molcat-1·s-1,明显高于非核壳结构的Cu0.4Co0.5W0.1催化剂,接近Pt、Pd等贵金属的催化活性,反应的活化能为49 kJ·mol-1。与非核壳结构的CuCoW合金相比,核壳结构的Cu@CoW三元合金催化剂的催化性能及稳定性均有明显提高。     

含不同芳香取代基的肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯-Ga~(3+)配合物的合成及抑菌活性

设计合成了4种含不同芳香取代基团的肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯配体(2-乙酰基吡啶肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯(L1-H)、2-甲酰基吡啶肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯(L2-H)、2-甲酰基噻吩肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯(L3-H)、2-甲酰基水杨醛肼基二硫代甲酸甲酯(L4-H))的镓配合物,对它们的抑菌活性进行了测试,并讨论了配体分子中不同芳香取代基对配合物抑菌活性的影响。在模拟生理条件下,L-H与Ga3+生成较稳定的单核配合物[Ga(L1)2]NO3(1)、[Ga(L2)2]NO3(2)、[Ga(L3)2]NO3(3)、[Ga(L4)2]NO3(4),各配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌表现出比Ga(NO3)3·9H2O强的抑制活性,抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的能力高于大肠杆菌,其中,1和2的活性比相应配体高,其余2个配合物与其配体之间无明显活性差异。L1-H和L2-H分子中吡啶基的较强吸电子效应可能是1和2具有较强抑菌活性的主要原因。4种配合物抑制黑曲霉生长的活性同样高于Ga(NO3)3·9H2O,其中3最强,并显著高于L3-H,其余配合物与相应配体间无活性差异。     

用于电致发光器件的蓝光聚合物材料研究进展

聚合物电致发光材料成型加工简便、可大面积生产,可应用于大面积平板显示及固体照明器件。与红、绿光聚合物发光材料相比,蓝光聚合物电致发光材料在发光性能、材料寿命等方面仍然存在较大差距,这成为全色显示的瓶颈。通过在聚合物主链上引入大体积的取代基或侧链、形成具有三维空间共轭效应的支化结构或能量可转移的主客体结构等,来改善溶解性和光物理性能等,从而得到发光效率高、色纯度好、热力学性能优异且材料加工性能良好的蓝光聚合物电致发光材料。本文从材料设计的角度简要介绍了国内外蓝光聚合物发光材料的主要研究进展。     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水体中的多环芳烃

建立了在线固相萃取-液相色谱测定水体残留的多环芳烃的方法,用于测定自来水中的20种多环芳烃( PAHs)。直接进样1 mL经过过滤的水体样品,其中的被测组分富集在SPE柱( Acclaim PA II,50 mm×4.6 mm,3μm)上,在线完成净化和萃取富集;再通过阀切换将它们转移至分析流路,在Hypersil Green PAH色谱柱(150 mm ×3 mm,3μm)上分离检测。在线固相萃取流路以水和乙腈为流动相,0.4和0.6 mL/min流速梯度富集/萃取和洗脱;分析流路亦以水和乙腈为流动相,0.8 mL/min流速梯度洗脱,采用紫外254 nm检测无荧光效应的苊烯和弱荧光效应的萘,其它的多环芳烃化合物则于不同的荧光检测通道里,在其对应的最大激发/发射波长下灵敏测定。整个分析流程32 min即可完成。20种PAHs的保留时间的相对标准偏差均小于0.2％,色谱峰面积的相对标准偏差均小于1.3％(n=7);在3个浓度数量级范围内峰面积与进样质量浓度的线性相关系数均大于0.9910,0.05μg/L的自来水加标样品的回收率为57％~140％,5μg/L的自来水加标样品的回收率为85％~116％;多数有荧光响应的PAHs的方法检出限均小于0.02μg/L (S/N=3)。     

数字离子阱质谱仪低质量截止值的改进方法

本研究在实验室自制的线形数字离子阱质量分析器上,通过改变数码电源的频率扫描方式,在CID过程中,通过扫描数字束缚方波电源的频率和数字激发方波的频率实现母体解离。例如对于利血平母体离子,当将离子数字束缚方波频率从500 kHz扫描到560 kHz,可以测量到低质荷比的碎片离子,成功实现了串级质谱分析的低质量碎片离子的分析。通过与利血平三重四极质谱串级质谱分析实验结果的比较,发现可以在数字离子阱质谱仪上获得与三重四极质谱相同的串级质谱测量结果。结果表明,本方法可以用于低质量离子的测量,克服了传统离子阱质谱进行串级质谱分析的一个主要难点,显著提高数字离子阱质谱的性能。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Pr(Ⅲ)–K(Ⅰ) Heterometallic Oxalate Coordination Polymer

A new 3D heterometallic coordination polymer, namely [K2Pr2(C2O4)4·H2O]n(1), has been successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. X-ray single-crystal diffraction determination reveals that 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a = 12.060(4), b = 8.493(3), c = 15.776(5)(A), β = 93.235(3)°, V = 1613.4(9) 3, Z = 4, Mr = 730.12, Dc = 3.006 Mg/m3, μ = 6.581 mm-1, F(000) = 1368, the final R = 0.0283 and w R = 0.0866 for 2939 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). Complex 1 features an unusual 3D heterometallic coordination framework, in which oxalates exhibit three different coordination behaviours. Moreover, powder X-ray diffraction and thermal properties for 1 have also been investigated.     

Cross-linked starch nanoparticles stabilized Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene in w/o/w system

Here, we present a method to synthesize expandable spherical polystyrene beads containing well-dispersed water microdroplets. The beads, 2–3 mm in diameter, were prepared through surfactant-free Pickering emulsion polymerization in water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) system using cross-linked starch nanoparticles (CSTN) as emulsifier. The CSTNs were in situ surface-modified by styrene maleic anhydride copolymer as confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and contact angle analysis. The entrapped water microdroplets with the average size of 3–4 μm were shown to be surrounded by a dense layer of the CSTN. The number droplet density as well as water encapsulation efficiency in the polystyrene beads increased with the CSTN concentration. Furthermore, regardless of CSTN content, all samples exhibited high encapsulation stability of over 68 % after 3 months. These characteristics along with good expansion behavior suggest the synthesized beads as expandable polystyrene containing water as a green blowing agent.