Mesoionic compounds with a bridged nitrogen atom. 4. Thiazolo[3, 2-a]quinolinium 1-oxide derivatives

It is shown that diverse 2-substituted thiazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium 1-oxides can be obtained from 2-quinolylmercaptoacetic acids. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the PMR and mass spectra.See [1] for communication 3.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 621–626, May, 1980.     

Analogs of pyrimidine mono- and polynucleotides

The corresponding monophosphates, cyclophosphates, and , -diphosphates were obtained by phosphorylation of 1-(1, 4-dihydroxy-2-pentyl) thymine, 1-(1, 3-dihydroxy-2-propyl) uracil, and their derivatives with selective protection of one of the hydroxyl groups. 2-Cyanoethyl phosphate (CEP) in the presence of N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), polyphosphoric acid, and pyrophosphoryl chloride were used as phosphorylating agents. The dependence of the yields of the products of phosphorylation of 1-(1, 4-dihydroxy-2-pentyl) thymine with CEP on the ratio of the reacting substances and the reaction time was studied. The monophosphates were cyclized under the influence of DCC. In the case of 1-(1, 3-dihydroxy-2-propyl) uracil 1-phosphate a dimeric phosphate was obtained in addition to a cyclophosphate. The acid hydrolysis of the cyclophosphates was investigated.See [1] for communication V; see [2] for a preliminary communication.Deceased.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 678–683, May, 1978.     

PHOTOTROPISM–THE NEED FOR A SENSE OF DIRECTION?

Abstract— The ill defined nature of the conceptual framework used to guide research on phototropism is a handicap to progress. It is argued that some of the central concepts, such as the stimulus perception-transduction-response chain, have not given a useful sense of direction. Likewise the arguments as to whether hormones are involved in phototropism have now become a distraction. A constructive phase is now needed, building on an agreed framework. There is an urgent need to identify the universal elements of phototropism and to distinguish those elements from the ones which apply only in specialised cases.     

Polymérisation anionique amorcée par les composés lamellaires du graphite et du lithium

In the present work, we use the binary insertion compound LiC₁₂ to polymerize styrene, methyl methacrylate, butadiene, isoprene, and to copolymerize isoprene and styrene in various hydrocarbon solvents (aromatics and aliphatic) and etheral solvents. We show that the styrene polymerization in aromatic solvents gives better yields than in the etheral solvents, the polymer being atactic. Methyl methacrylate does not polymerize in toluene but does so completely in DME. More generally, the yields of polymerization are better with KC₃₇ than with LiC₁₂ because of the different capacities of the monomer to get into the carbon layers. The polymerization of dienes with LiC₁₂ shows that the microstructures of the polymer obtained in π-or n-donor solvents are similar to the ones obtained by homogenous polymerization with Li cation in such solvents. However, for isoprene in cyclohexane, the results are different. The isoprene styrene copolymers are statistical ones and the mean length of styrene blocks is less than 5. The monomer interaction with the insertion compound and the growing chain geometry between the carbon layers are the facts which control either the stereospecificity of the polymerization or the selectivity of the copolymerization.