Some aspects of the interactions of orthopositronium with perfect and defect surfaces of insulating materials

ETLA (Elastic Thermalisation Lifetime Analysis) is a new model function for the fitting of lifetime spectra of slowly thermalising orthopositronium in the free space between the grains of insulating oxide powders. From this model one can obtain three fundamental parameters; the mass of the cluster of atoms which scatters the o-Ps, the probability that the o-Ps is forced into two-quantum decay at each collision and the emission energyE(0) of the o-Ps from the powder surface. As a consequence of full thermalisation of the Ps it is shown that the o-Ps quenching constant _q () follows atT ^1/2 dependency for MgO, Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ and for temperatures between 77 and 500 K. In MgO powder at low temperatures the irradiation by the positrons induces surface paramagnetic defects which are identified as Mg⁺ sites. These surface defects do not affect the thermalisation, but they induce paramagnetic o-p conversion i.e., an increase in , and they are also responsible for an increase in the emission energyE(0) of the o-Ps.     

Spectral transport model for turbulence

The spectrum of inhomogeneous turbulence is modeled by an approach that is not limited to regimes of large Reynolds numbers or small mean-flow strain rates. In its simplest form and applied to incompressible flow, the model depends on five phenomenological constants defining the strength of turbulence coupling to mean flow, turbulence transport in physical and wave-number space, and mixing of stress-tensor components. The implications for homogeneous isotropic turbulence are investigated in detail and found to correspond well to the conclusions from more fundamental theories. Under appropriate limiting conditions, a turbulent system described by the model will relax over time into a state of approximate spectral equilibrium permitting a reduction to a one-point model for the system that is substantially like the familiar K- model. This yields preliminary estimates of the present model's parameters and points to the way to improved modeling of flows beyond the applicability of the K- method.     

Pulsed NMRON oscillatory free induction decay signals in the angular distribution of gamma radiation from plated60CoFe

Results for an inhomogeneously broadened⁶⁰CoFe NMRON sample have been obtained for gamma detected single pulse (nutation) and two pulse (free induction decay) experiments in the region of intermediate-to-lowR(=₁/). Here ₁ is the angular frequency measure of the strength of the ferromagnetically enhanced RF field at the nucleus and is the HWHM of the inhomogeneously broadened line. Comparisons of the oscillatory FID signals obtained are made with the theoretical predictions of the following paper [6].     

The Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule and the constituent quark model

The helicity structure function of the nucleon has been calculated for the constituent quark model and compared to the prediction of the Drell-Hearn-Gerasimov sum rule. The multipole decomposition of the sum rule shows large cancellations between different resonances. The small isoscalar-isovector contribution is related to the admixture of aD-state (bag deformation) in the nucleon's wave function. The calculations indicate a relatively slow saturation of this part of the sum rule with excitation energy.Work supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare     

The level structure of92Ru up to high spin values

The level structure of⁹²Ru has been studied by means of γ-ray spectroscopy. The nucleus was produced by the⁵⁸Ni(⁴⁰Ca, α2p)⁹²Ru reaction at beam energies of 147 and 187 MeV. The NORDBALL detector system including particle selection was used. A large number of new levels with excitation energies up to 11.3 MeV and spin values up to 22 or 23 units of angular momentum have been established. The level scheme is compared with recent shell model calculations using¹⁰⁰Sn as a core. Some systematics of the g ₉ ^2/?2 configuration is discussed and a strong correlation between the levels in⁹⁰Mo and⁹²Ru is found.     

HPLC determination of pyroglutamic acid as a degradation product in parenteral amino acid formulations

Summary The aminoacid glutamine in aqueous solution and in conditions of high temperature and long term storage is partly transformed into pyroglutamic acid which exhibits potential neurotoxic effects.Commercially available aminoacid mixtures supplemented with glutamine are heat-sterilized and some losses of glutamine and formation of pyroglutamic acid may occur.The aim of the work was to set up an easy and reliable HPLC method which allows the determination of pyroglutamic acid as a degradation product of glutamine. The column was a 5 m Hypersil ODS (100×4.6 mm) and the mobile phase 100% 0.007 M phosphate buffer pH 3.5.Stability studies in different conditions of temperature and time of storage were performed on aminoacid mixture available in the commerce.     

Determination of platinum and palladium in strongly acid solution by means of flow injection analysis

Microamounts of Pt(II/IV) (0.25–800 μg/ml) and Pd(II) (5–600 μg/ml) in> 0.5 M hydrochloric acid can readily be determined by means of a simple FIA method based on the selective reaction of tin(II)chloride with these metals. The FIA method has a high linear dynamic range, and is relatively free from interferences of many transition metals, with the exception of Au and Rh; small amounts of other PGMs can be tolerated. Determination of Pt on a hydrogenation catalyst by this method compares well with that found by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. By monitoring at two or more wavelengths, Pt and Pd can be determined in mixtures by this means, to yield a simple, cost-effective FIA method for possible on-line determinations and quality control of, in particular, Pt containing acidic refinery and other process streams.     

Determination and statistical analysis of trace element and active constituent concentrations in the medicinal plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh (E. rostratus Schlecht)

In the leaves of the medicinal plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh (E. rostratus Schlecht) collected from different sampling areas of Greece the trace elements antimony, cesium, chromium, cobalt, iron, europium, rubidium, scandium, strontium, thorium and zinc were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. In the same samples, the essential oil was determined by steam distillation and the percent relative composition of the essential oil in 1,8-cineole, p-cymene, -pinene by gas liquid chromatography. Also the refractive index of the essential oil was determined by a refractometer. Statistical analysis included the calculation of the correlation coefficient. Multiple correlation and cluster analysis was applied to all analytical data. The results showed that the trace elements iron, chromium, cobalt and zinc are correlated with the variation of the concentration of essential oil in the examined plant. These four elements along with rubidium and essential oil content could be used for the separation of the samples into groups related to the sampling areas. Statistically significant correlation between active constituents and some trace elements and a linear negative correlation between 1,8-cineole and refractive index were found.     

Characterisation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in a third generation candidate fish reference material (Limanda limanda) prepared under cryogenic conditions

Summary This paper describes the cryogenic preparation of 50 individual specimens of dab (Limanda limanda) from the Baltic Sea to produce a homogeneous fish material. 950 subsamples (8 g each) are stored in the gaseous phase over liquid nitrogen. Five series of analyses were randomly selected out of store. The results show that the obtained precision of 8 to 9% could be used as an indication unit for the deviation of the mean values of CHC concentrations from true values. If the analytical variability is 5%, the maximum inhomogeneity in the subsamples is 3–4%. It may be concluded that the subsamples of the candidate fish reference material (RM) are homogeneous enough for analytical purposes. Thus ESB (German Environmental Specimen Bank) material prepared in accordance with the standard operating procedure (SOP) [1] are valuable and appropriate reference materials. The prepared fish RM is suitable for the analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in fat containing marine samples.