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121.
In this paper we consider the numerical approximation of steady and unsteady generalized Newtonian fluid flows using divergence free finite elements generated by the Powell–Sabin–Heindl elements. We derive a priori and a posteriori finite element error estimates and prove convergence of the method of successive approximations for the steady flow case. A priori error estimates of unsteady flows are also considered. These results provide a theoretical foundation and supporting numerical studies are to be provided in Part II. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
122.
Pascher W. Den Besten J. H. Caprioli D. Leijtens X. Smit M. van Dijk R. 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2003,35(4-5):453-464
Based on a rigorous vectorial analysis, a fast travelling-wave Mach–Zehnder modulator is modelled and designed. The cross-section of the semiconductor layer stack and the lossy electrodes are carefully modelled using the method of lines in order to investigate propagation characteristics, velocity and losses. This yields an accurate microwave and optical field distribution to explain the behaviour of the component. In order to enhance the modulation efficiency, design curves are derived and the cross-sectional dimensions for minimum microwave loss are determined. The loss of the optimized modulator agrees very well with small-signal measurements up to 40 GHz and HFSS simulations. The layerstack of the fabricated device is suitable for integration with InP multi-wavelength lasers. 相似文献
123.
G. C. Psarras 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(18):2535-2545
The charge transport properties of polymer matrix–carbon black composites are investigated in this study. Direct current conductivity is examined with varying parameters: the temperature and the conductive filler content. Conductivity data are analyzed by means of percolation theory, and both percolation threshold and critical exponent are determined at each of the examined temperatures. The temperature dependence of conductivity and the agreement of experimental results with the variable range hopping model reveal hopping conduction as the predominant transport mechanism, below and in the vicinity of the critical concentration of carbon black particles. At higher concentrations, the contribution of hopping transport to the overall conductivity is reduced and a balance between hopping and conduction via geometrical contact occurs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2535–2545, 2007 相似文献
124.
C. Czeranowsky V. M. Baev G. Huber P. A. Khandokhin Ya. I. Khanin I. V. Koryukin E. Yu. Shirokov 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》2004,47(10-11):723-728
Experimental study of low-frequency dynamics of an intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser demonstrates the influence of the interaction of orthogonally polarized modes, participating in frequency doubling (type II phase matching), on the stability of the laser output. At a sufficiently low pump rate and low conversion efficiency, the laser shows stable operation with a low noise level at the frequencies of relaxation oscillations. At a high pump power and/or a high conversion efficiency, the laser emission becomes unstable as a result of Hopf bifurcation at the frequencies of relaxation oscillations that are responsible for the anti-phase polarization dynamics of the laser. 相似文献
125.
Dedushenko S. K. Makhina I. B. Mar'in A. A. Mukhanov V. A. Perfiliev Yu. D. 《Hyperfine Interactions》2004,158(1-4):417-421
A colourless quartz crystal doped with 57Fe3+ was obtained by hydrothermal synthesis in an NH4F solution. The crystal was transformed into violet amethyst by gamma-irradiation. The change in colour was accompanied by changes in the Mössbauer spectrum that can be interpreted as the conversion of trivalent iron into the tetravalent state: Fe3+→Fe4+.
相似文献126.
Vinod Kumar Pragya Das R.P. Singh S. Muralithar R.K. Bhowmik 《The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei》2003,17(2):153-157
The fusion evaporation reaction 122Sn(14N, 4n)132La was used to populate the high-spin states of 132La at the beam energy of 60 MeV. A new band consisting of mostly E2 transitions has been discovered. This band has the interesting links to the ground state 2- and the isomeric state 6-. A new transition of energy 351 keV connecting the low-spin states of the positive-parity band based on the πh
11/2 ⊗ νh
11/2 particle configuration, has been found. This has played a very important role in resolving the existing ambiguities and inconsistencies
in the spin assignment of the band head.
Received: 12 August 2002 / Accepted: 18 March 2003 / Published online: 7 May 2003 相似文献
127.
The results of a numerical study are described in which the interactions of a primary shock wave with a secondary diaphragm
in expansion tubes are taken into account. The developing wave pattern in the interacting process of the shock with a secondary
diaphragm are visualized by many kinds of figures (e.g., the time-distance diagrams of the wave phenomena on the axis, the
acoustic impedance contours, and the time histories of the pitot pressure on the axis), and the influences of the shape and
rupture process of the diaphragm on the quality of the test gas are explored. 相似文献
128.
Solid state nuclear track detectors are commonly used for measurements of concentrations of radon gas and/or radon progeny. All these measurements depend critically on the thickness of the removed layer during etching. However, the thickness of removed layer calculated using the etching period does not necessarily provide a sufficiently accurate measure of the thickness. For example, the bulk etch rate depends on the strength of stirring during etching for the LR 115 detector. We propose here to measure the thickness of the removed layer by using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. In the present work, a reference silver nitrate pellet is placed beneath the LR 115 detector, and the fluorescence X-ray intensity for silver is then measured. We have found a linear relationship between the X-ray intensity and the thickness of the removed layer for LR 115 detector. This provides a fast method to measure the thickness of removed layer from etching of LR 115 detector. However, this method was found to be inapplicable for the CR-39 detector. Therefore, alternative methods have yet to be explored for the CR-39 detector. 相似文献
129.
M. D. Srinivas 《Pramana》2003,60(6):1137-1152
We derive an optimal bound on the sum of entropic uncertainties of two or more observables when they are sequentially measured
on the same ensemble of systems. This optimal bound is shown to be greater than or equal to the bounds derived in the literature
on the sum of entropie uncertainties of two observables which are measured on distinct but identically prepared ensembles
of systems. In the case of a two-dimensional Hilbert space, the optimum bound for successive measurements of two-spin components,
is seen to be strictly greater than the optimal bound for the case when they are measured on distinct ensembles, except when
the spin components are mutually parallel or perpendicular 相似文献
130.
In order to reduce infant mortality in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro it is desired to encourage all mothers-to-be to attend the appropriate health care facilities. A 3-level hierarchical prenatal–neonatal health care system is described together with a basic model for optimising accessibility to facilities. A genetic algorithm to solve the basic model is developed and some numerical experience reported. Extensions to the basic model and planned future research are briefly indicated. 相似文献