The Regularity of Critical Points of Polyconvex Functionals

In this paper we are concerned with the question of regularity of critical points for functionals of the type eq1 We construct a smooth, strongly polyconvex eq2, and Lipschitzian weak solutions eq3 to the corresponding Euler-Lagrange system, which are nowhere C¹. Moreover we show that F can be chosen in such a way that these irregular weak solutions are weak local minimisers.     

Unambiguous identification of three beta-decaying isomers in 70Cu

Using resonant laser ionization, beta-decay studies, and for the first time mass measurements, three beta-decaying states have been unambiguously identified in 70Cu. A mass excess of -62 976.1(1.6) keV and a half-life of 44.5(2) s for the (6-) ground state have been determined. The level energies of the (3-) isomer at 101.1(3) keV with T(1/2)=33(2) s and the 1+ isomer at 242.4(3) keV with T(1/2)=6.6(2) s are confirmed by high-precision mass measurements. The low-lying levels of 70Cu populated in the decay of 70Ni and in transfer reactions compare well with large-scale shell-model calculations, and the wave functions appear to be dominated by one proton-one neutron configurations outside the closed Z=28 shell and N=40 subshell. This does not apply to the 1+ state at 1980 keV which exhibits a particular feeding and deexcitation pattern not reproduced by the shell-model calculations.     

A novel PLD configuration for deposition of films of improved quality: a case study of carbon nitride

Pairs of carbon nitride films have simultaneously been deposited by ArF excimer laser ablation of a graphite target in the 2–50 Pa nitrogen pressure window, with one substrate parallel and 48-mm apart from the target in the traditional on-axis geometry, and the other placed in the target plane. The pressure dependence of the apparent growth rate, defined as the measured thickness per number of pulses, is significantly different for the two geometries. In the traditional geometry the growth rate is almost constant at around 0.0035 and 0.023 nm/pulse for 1 and 5 Jcm^-2, respectively, while in the target plane it increases proportionally to the logarithm of the nitrogen pressure for both fluences. Complementary surface characterisation by atomic force microscopy reveals that the films grown in the novel geometry, referred to as inverse pulsed laser deposition, are made up of smaller grains and appear to be more compact. PACS 68.37.Ps; 68.55.-a; 81.15.Fg     

Noncovalent cross-links in context with other structural and functional elements of proteins

Proteins are heteropolymers with evolutionary selected native sequences of residues. These native sequences code for unique and stable 3D structures indispensable for biochemical activity and for proteolysis resistance, the latter which guarantees an appropriate lifetime for the protein in the protease rich cellular environment. Cross-links between residues close in space but far in the primary structure are required to maintain the folded structure of proteins. Some of these cross-links are covalent, most frequently disulfide bonds, but the majority of the cross-links are sets of cooperative noncovalent long-range interactions. In this paper we focus on special clusters of noncovalent long-range interactions: the Stabilization Centers (SCs). The relation between the SCs and secondary structural elements as well as the relation between SCs and functionally important regions of proteins are presented to show a detailed picture of these clusters, which are believed to be primarily responsible for major aspects of protein stability.