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排序方式: 共有400条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Hu J Chekmenev EY Gan Z Gor'kov PL Saha S Brey WW Cross TA 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2005,127(34):11922-11923
Recently available ultrahigh magnetic fields offer new opportunities for studies of quadrupole nuclei in biological solids because of the dramatic enhancement in sensitivity and resolution associated with the reduction of second-order quadrupole interactions. Here, we present a new approach for understanding the function and energetics of ion solvation in channels using solid-state 17O NMR spectroscopy of single-site 17O-labeled gramicidin A. The chemical shift and quadrupole coupling parameters obtained in powder samples of lyophilized material are similar to those shown in the literature for carbonyl oxygens. In lipid bilayers, it is found that the carbonyl 17O anisotropic chemical shift of Leu10, one of the three carbonyl oxygens contributing to the ion binding site in gramicidin A, is altered by 40 ppm when K+ ion binds to the channel, demonstrating a high sensitivity to such interactions. Moreover, considering the large breadth of the carbonyl 17O chemical shift (>500 ppm), the recording of anisotropic 17O chemical shifts in bilayers aligned with respect to magnetic field B0 offers high-quality structural restraints similar to 15N and 13C anisotropic chemical shifts. 相似文献
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Birck C Cha JY Cross J Schulze-Briese C Meroueh SO Schlegel HB Mobashery S Samama JP 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2004,126(43):13945-13947
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R. N. Haward J. N. Hay I. W. Parsons G. Adam A. A. K. Owadh C. P. Boxnyak A. Aref-Azaf A. Cross 《Colloid and polymer science》1980,258(6):643-662
Summary In a tensile test ductile thermoplastics may give either uniform deformation or necking. Recently it has been found that those giving uniform deformation either, are known to have extended chain configurations in solution, or have chemical formulae with linear structures and relatively few flexible bonds. The observed differences in behaviour can be predicted from a viscosity retarded rubber elasticity model in which a constant related to chain flexibility is introduced, which quantifies the strain hardening of the material. It is argued that the early development of strain hardening generally interferes with the localization of plastic strain in shear bands or crazes (as well as in a neck) and correlates with the stress cracking performance of high density polythenes.There is now also some evidence that polymers with extended chain configurations have small values ofcp (the change in specific heat atTg) and that this figure has an apparent correlation with draw ratio for different polymers.In the case of P.V.C. however it is possible to cause a changeover from the normal necking behaviour to uniform deformation by quenching the hot material in ice water. This process is believed to eliminate a structure which develops slowly in P.V.C. and most other thermoplastics when they are annealed at temperatures near toTg. The elimination of this structure during yielding causes strain softening and also promotes plastic strain localisation.This physical ageing or annealing process is still not well understood. It almost certainly includes free volume effects but recent studies have shown that a redistribution of rotational isomers also occurs. These observation, if correct, have fundamental implications for the physics of glassy polymers.
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Rehage on the occasion of his 60th birthday.
With 22 figures and 2 tables 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Beim Zug-Test erfolgt bei dehnbaren Thermoplasten entweder eine gleichmäßige Deformation oder eine Einschnürung. Erstere tritt auf bei Vorliegen ausgestreckter Kettenkonfigurationen in Lösung oder bei Makromolekülen linearer Struktur und relativ unbiegsamer Bindungen. Die beobachteten Unterschiede wurden anhand eines ViskositätsModells mit verminderter Gummi-Elastizität unter Zugrundelegung von Literaturdaten diskutiert. Die Kettensteifheit wird rechnerisch durch Einfügung einer Konstanten berücksichtigt; sie steht in Konkurrenz mit der Lokalisierung der plastischen Dehnung und korreliert mit dem Auftreten einer Spannungsriß-Bildung im Polyäthylen hoher Dichte. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß sich die spezifische Wärme von Polymeren mit ausgedehnter Kettenkonfiguration beiTg nur wenig ändert; dieser Effekt steht mit dem Dehnungsverhältnis verschiedener Polymerer in Einklang.Bei PVC kann jedoch durch Abschrecken des heißen Materials in Eiswasser ein Übergang vom normalen Einschnürungsverhalten zu einer gleichmäßigen Deformation erzielt werden; dieser Effekt ist durch die Unterdrückung einer speziellen Struktur bedingt und kann auch bei der Temperung anderer thermoplastischer Polymerer nahe beiTg auftreten.Die sich bei der physikalischen Alterung und bei der Temperung abspielenden Vorgänge lassen sich noch nicht erklären. Sie umfassen sicherlich Effekte des freien Volumens und die Rückverteilung von Rotations-Isomeren. Beobachtungen dieser Art sind von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung für die Physik glasartiger Polymerer.
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Rehage on the occasion of his 60th birthday.
With 22 figures and 2 tables 相似文献
17.
An improved synthesis of the anti-cancer agent DMU-212 (trans-3,4,5,4′-tetramethoxystilbene) is described. The methodology involves the use of a Pd-oxazoline catalyst as a mediator of a regio-selective (Heck) C-C bond formation reaction. A simple isolation step is then used to obtain the title material. The compound has been further characterised in the solid-state by X-ray diffraction methods. 相似文献
18.
Joseph M. Levy Athos C. Rosselli David S. Boyer Kathryn Cross 《Journal of separation science》1990,13(6):418-421
The usefulness and ease of utilizing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) directly coupled to capillary gas chromatography (GC) as quantitative or qualitative analytical problem-solving tools will be demonstrated. As an alternative to conventional liquid solvent extractions, SFE presents itself as a means to achieve high extraction efficiencies of different compounds in complex solid matrices in very rapid tims frames. Moreover, SFE has an additional advantage of being able to achieve distinct extraction selectivities as a function of the solubilizing power of the supercritical fluid extracting phase. For on-line SFE/GC, the extraction effluent is directly transferred to the analytical chromatograph. On-line SFE/GC involves the decompression of pressurized extraction effluent directly into a heated, unmodified capillary split injection port of the GC. In this respect, SFE introduction into GC can be used as an alternative means of GC injection, comparable to such modes of injection as pyrolysis and thermal desorption. This paper will show applications of SFE/GC where mass spectrometric detection together with flame ionization detection was used for component identification from environmental, tobacco, and petroleum matrices. 相似文献
19.
Cross TB 《The Journal of micrographics》1983,16(4):14-18
According to major research studies, 50 percent of all distributed data processing is really distributed document delivery. Up to 70 percent of all telephone calls do not reach the intended party, resulting in what has been aptly called, "telephone tag." Electronic mail is a rapidly emerging technology using computers and telecommunications networks to transmit notes, messages and documents instantaneously. Online information systems for document management, distribution and retrieval is an area of electronic mail far more powerful. Computer teleconferencing, as it is often called, allows for ongoing meetings online with persons from remote locations without regard to time zone limitations. This article will focus on the definitions of computer teleconferencing and other new "online" technologies, and how they will impact document development, management and distribution. It is based on the author's presentation at the 1983 NMA Annual Conference & Exposition in Philadelphia. 相似文献
20.
LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group A. Denner S. Dittmaier A. Mück G. Passarino M. Spira C. Sturm S. Uccirati M. M. Weber 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》2012,72(5):1992
State-of-the-art predictions for the Higgs-boson production cross section via gluon fusion and for all relevant Higgs-boson
decay channels are presented in the presence of a fourth Standard-Model-like fermion generation. The qualitative features
of the most important differences to the genuine Standard Model are pointed out, and the use of the available tools for the
predictions is described. For a generic mass scale of 400−600 GeV in the fourth generation explicit numerical results for
the cross section and decay widths are presented, revealing extremely large electroweak radiative corrections, e.g., to the
cross section and the Higgs decay into WW or ZZ pairs, where they amount to about −50 % or more. This signals the onset of
a non-perturbative regime due to the large Yukawa couplings in the fourth generation. An estimate of the respective large
theoretical uncertainties is presented as well. 相似文献