Synthesis of 5-Alkenyl-2′-Deoxyuridines Via Organostannanes

The palladium-catalysed coupling of 3,5 Di-O-p-toluoyl-5-iodo-2′ -deoxyuridine with functionalized and non-functionalized alkenylstannanes gave moderate to good yields of the corresponding 5-alkenyl-2 -deoxyuridines.     

The correlated-k method and related methods for broadband radiation calculations

The fundamentals of radiation calculations in planetary atmospheres have been known for a long time, but the practical problems of calculating radiation over a broad spectral range both efficiently and accurately remain an area of active research. The Goody et al. paper of 1989 [13] established a milestone in that long effort. Goody et al. highlighted attempts to formulate the problem in terms of a few absorption coefficients that could represent typically tens of thousands of coefficients in a rigorous line-by-line calculation. Here we provide a brief background, point out that the correlated-k method is a special case of a broader spectral mapping concept, and mention some new ideas that have emerged recently.     

Determination of anionic surfactants by bis(ethylenediamine)copper(II) extraction and anodic stripping voltammetry

A stripping voltammetric finish for the measurement of total anionic surfactant has been developed. A limit of detection of 5.0 μg 1^?1 anionic surfactant was observed with a linear calibration from 5.0 to 500 μg 1^?1 in the original sample.     

Evidence for the change of inner-sphere hydration number of rare earth ions in the middle of the series

Glass transition temperatures of aqueous solutions of rare earth chlorides and perchlorates have been measured. The anomalous T_g change in the middle of the senes is interpreted as evidence for the coordination number change of rare earth ions, in accordance with the views expressed by Spedding et al. in 1966.     

The Role of Lignocellulosic Composition and Residual Lipids in Empty Fruit Bunches on the Production of Humic Acids in Submerged Fermentations

The aim of this research was to study the production of humic acids (HA) by Trichoderma reesei from empty fruit bunches (EFBs) of palm oil processing, with a focus on the effects of lignocellulosic content and residual lipids. EFBs from two different soils and palm oil producers were previously characterized about their lignocellulosic composition. Submerged fermentations were inoculated with T. reesei spores and set up with or without residual lipids. The results showed that the soil and the processing for removal of the palm fresh fruits were crucial to EFB quality. Thus, EFBs were classified as type 1 (higher lignocellulosic and fatty acids composition similar to the palm oil and palm kernel oil) and type 2 (lower lignocellulosic content and fatty acids composition similar to palm oil). Despite the different profiles, the fungal growth was similar for both EFB types. HA production was associated with fungal growth, and it was higher without lipids for both EFBs. The highest HA productivity was obtained from type 1 EFB (approximately 90 mg L⁻¹ at 48 h). Therefore, the lignocellulosic composition and the nature of the residual lipids in EFBs play an important role in HA production by submerged fermentation.