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991.
Kennedy DC McKay CS Tay LL Rouleau Y Pezacki JP 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2011,47(11):3156-3158
Silver nanoparticles bonded to terminal alkynes form stable particles in aqueous solution, produce strong SERS signals for molecular imaging that arise from the carbon-metal bond, and expand the scope of molecules that can be used to stably functionalize plasmonic particles for mammalian cell imaging applications. β-Lactams represent a class of biologically important molecules that can be adapted to SERS studies in this manner. 相似文献
992.
Engel R Ghani I Montenegro D Thomas M Klaritch-Vrana B Castaño A Friedman L Leb J Rothman L Lee H Capodiferro C Ambinder D Cere E Awad C Sheikh F Rizzo J Nesbitt LM Testani E Melkonian K 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2011,16(2):1508-1518
Cationic lipids have long been known to serve as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Prior efforts with attachment of cationic lipids to carbohydrate-based surfaces have suggested the possibility that carbohydrate-attached cationic lipids might serve as antibacterial and antifungal pharmaceutical agents. Toward the understanding of this possibility, we have synthesized several series of cationic lipids attached to a variety of glycosides with the intent of generating antimicrobial agents that would meet the requirement for serving as a pharmaceutical agent, specifically that the agent be effective at a very low concentration as well as being biodegradable within the organism being treated. The initial results of our approach to this goal are presented. 相似文献
993.
A general approach to controlling the surface composition of poly(ethylene oxide)-based block copolymers for antifouling coatings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dimitriou MD Zhou Z Yoo HS Killops KL Finlay JA Cone G Sundaram HS Lynd NA Barteau KP Campos LM Fischer DA Callow ME Callow JA Ober CK Hawker CJ Kramer EJ 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(22):13762-13772
To control the surface properties of a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer, perfluorinated chemical moieties were specifically incorporated into the block copolymer backbone. A polystyrene-block-poly[(ethylene oxide)-stat-(allyl glycidyl ether)] [PS-b-P(EO-stat-AGE)] statistical diblock terpolymer was synthesized with varying incorporations of allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) in the poly(ethylene oxide) block from 0 to 17 mol %. The pendant alkenes of the AGE repeat units were subsequently functionalized by thiol-ene chemistry with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctanethiol, yielding fluorocarbon-functionalized AGE (fAGE) repeat units. (1)H NMR spectroscopy and size-exclusion chromatography indicated well-defined structures with complete functionalization of the pendant alkenes. The surfaces of the polymer films were characterized after spray coating by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS), showing that the P(EO-stat-fAGE) block starts to compete with polystyrene to populate the surface after only 1 mol % incorporation of fAGE. Increasing the incorporation of fAGE led to an increased amount of perfluorocarbons on the surface and a decrease in the concentration of PS. At a fAGE incorporation of 8 mol %, PS was not detected at the surface, as measured by NEXAFS spectroscopy. Water contact angles measured by the captive-air-bubble technique showed the underwater surfaces to be dynamic, with advancing and receding contact angles varying by >20°. Protein adsorption studies demonstrated that the fluorinated surfaces effectively prevent nonspecific binding of proteins relative to an unmodified PS-b-PEO diblock copolymer. In biological systems, settlement of spores of the green macroalga Ulva was significantly lower for the fAGE-incorporated polymers compared to the unmodified diblock and a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer standard. Furthermore, the attachment strength of sporelings (young plants) of Ulva was also reduced for the fAGE-containing polymers, affirming their potential as fouling-release coatings. 相似文献
994.
Elizabeth Amir Kulandaivelu Sivanandan Justin E. Cochran John J. Cowart Sung‐Yu Ku Jung Hwa Seo Michael L. Chabinyc Craig J. Hawker 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2011,49(9):1933-1941
The synthesis and characterization of a new family of soluble oligothiophene‐S,S‐dioxides and their use as building blocks to form polythiophene‐S,S‐dioxides via microwave‐assisted Stille coupling polymerization are described. Incorporation of the sulfone group into the polythiophene backbone leads to narrowing of the polymer bandgap, and while the energies of both Frontier orbitals in polythiophene‐S,S‐dioxide are lower with respect to polythiophenes, this tendency is considerably stronger for the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital than for the highest occupied molecular orbital, resulting in greater electron‐accepting ability. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011 相似文献
995.
Heitz BA Xu J Jones IW Keogh JP Comi TJ Hall HK Aspinwall CA Saavedra SS 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(5):1882-1890
The stabilization of suspended planar lipid membranes, or black lipid membranes (BLMs), through polymerization of mono- and bis-functionalized dienoyl lipids was investigated. Electrical properties, including capacitance, conductance, and dielectric breakdown voltage, were determined for BLMs composed of mono-DenPC, bis-DenPC, mono-SorbPC, and bis-SorbPC both prior to and following photopolymerization, with diphytanoyl phosphocholine (DPhPC) serving as a control. Poly(lipid) BLMs exhibited significantly longer lifetimes and increased the stability of air-water transfers. BLM stability followed the order bis-DenPC > mono-DenPC ≈ mono-SorbPC > bis-SorbPC. The conductance of bis-SorbPC BLMs was significantly higher than that of the other lipids, which is attributed to a high density of hydrophilic pores, resulting in relatively unstable membranes. The use of poly(lipid) BLMs as matrices for supporting the activity of an ion channel protein (IC) was explored using α-hemolysin (α-HL), a model IC. Characteristic i-V plots of α-HL were maintained following photopolymerization of bis-DenPC, mono-DenPC, and mono-SorbPC, demonstrating the utility of these materials for preparing more durable BLMs for single-channel recordings of reconstituted ICs. 相似文献
996.
New XRD data of the previously published K14[P2W19O69(H2O)] (I), the 17O NMR spectrum of (Bu4N)7[PW11O39], a careful titration of “K7H2 [Au(O)(OH2)P2W20O70 (OH2)2]” followed by 31P NMR spectroscopy, and a new X‐ray crystal structure of the compound reformulated as K12 [PdWO(H2O)(PW9O34)2] (II) are reported. 相似文献
997.
Two nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), NocA and NocB, together comprising five modules, are essential for the biosynthesis of the D,L,D configured tripeptide backbone of the monocyclic β-lactam nocardicin A. We report a double replacement gene strategy in which point mutations were engineered in the two encoding NRPS genes without disruption of the nocABC operon by placing selective markers in adjacent genes. A series of mutants was constructed to inactivate the thiolation (T) domain of each module and to evaluate an HHxxxDR catalytic motif in NocA and an atypical extended histidine motif in NocB. The loss of nocardicin A production in each of the T domain mutants indicates that all five modules are essential for its biosynthesis. Conversely, production of nocardicin A was not affected by mutation of the NocB histidine motif or the R828G mutation in NocA. 相似文献
998.
An approach to on-capillary dual-electrode detection for CE using a parallel electrode configuration has been developed. The parallel configuration provides two operating modes. In the first mode, one working electrode is held at an oxidizing potential and the second working electrode is held at a reducing potential. This results in redox cycling of analytes between the oxidized and reduced forms, enhancing sensitivity compared to single-electrode detection. In the second mode, both working electrodes are held at different oxidizing potentials. This mode provides electrochemical characterization of electrophoretic peaks. In the redox cyclying mode, signal enhancement of up to twofold was observed for the dual-electrode detection of phenolic acid standards compared to single-electrode detection. Variation in response of less than 10% from electrode to electrode was determined (at a concentration of 60 nM) indicating reproducible fabrication. LODs were determined to be as low as 5.0 nM for dual-electrode configuration. Using the dual-potential mode peak identification of targeted phenolic acids in whiskey samples were confirmed based on both migration time and current ratios. 相似文献
999.
Christopher M. Ryan Craig M. Marianno William S. Charlton William D. James 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2012,291(1):267-272
The dissolution of the Soviet Union coupled with the growing sophistication of international terror organizations has brought
about a desire to ensure that a sound infrastructure exists to interdict smuggled nuclear material prior to leaving its country
of origin. To combat the threat of nuclear trafficking, radiation portal monitors (RPMs) are deployed around the world to
intercept illicit material while in transit by passively detecting gamma and neutron radiation. Portal monitors in some locations
have reported abnormally high background counts. The higher background data has been attributed, in part, to the naturally
occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the concrete surrounding the portal monitors. Higher background increases the minimum
detectable activity (MDA) and can ultimately lead to more material passing through the RPMs undetected. This work employed
two different neutron activation analysis (NAA) methods for the purpose of developing a process to characterize the concrete
surrounding the RPMs. Thermal neutron instrumental NAA (INAA) and fast NAA (FNAA) were conducted on six samples from three
different composition concrete slabs. Comparator standards and quality control materials were used to help ensure that the
methods were both precise and accurate. The combination of INAA and FNAA accounted for 84–100% of the total elemental composition
of the samples. Knowing the composition of the concrete will allow RPM customers to choose suitable materials prior to installation,
thereby increasing the ability of the monitors to detect radiological and nuclear materials. 相似文献
1000.
Chini MG Jones CR Zampella A D'Auria MV Renga B Fiorucci S Butts CP Bifulco G 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2012,77(3):1489-1496
Here we report the first application of combined accurate ROE-distance analysis with DFT calculations of NMR chemical shifts to achieve the relative configuration assignment of a marine natural product, conicasterol F, a new polyhydroxylated steroid isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. We demonstrate the substantial advantages of this combined approach as a tool for structural studies of natural products, providing a powerful alternative to, or information to underpin, total synthesis when more classical NMR data analysis fails to provide unequivocal results. In this paper, we also describe the isolation and structure elucidation of conicasterol F and its 24-ethyl derivative, theonellasterol I, and their pharmacological evaluation as human nuclear receptor modulators. 相似文献