Reactive Nanoparticles Derived from Polysaccharide Phenyl Carbonates

Polysaccharide (PS) based nanoparticles (NP) are of great interest for biomedical applications. A key challenge in this regard is the functionalization of these nanomaterials. The aim of the present work was the development of reactive PS-NP that can be coupled with an amino group containing compounds under mild aqueous conditions. A series of cellulose phenyl carbonates (CPC) and xylan phenyl carbonates (XPC) with variable degrees of substitution (DS) was obtained by homogeneous synthesis. The preparation of PS-NP by self-assembling of these hydrophobic derivatives was studied comprehensively. While CPC mostly formed macroscopic aggregates, XPC formed well-defined spherical NP with diameters around 100 to 200 nm that showed a pronounced long-term stability in water against both particle aggregation as well as cleavage of phenyl carbonate moieties. Using an amino group functionalized dye it was demonstrated that the novel XPC-NP are reactive towards amines. A simple coupling procedure was established that enables direct functionalization of the reactive NP in an aqueous dispersion. Finally, it was demonstrated that dye functionalized XPC-NP are non-cytotoxic and can be employed in advanced biomedical applications.     

Lampen und Erhitzungsvorrichtungen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Second order parallel tensors and Ricci solitons in 3-dimensional normal paracontact geometry

The aim of this paper is to study two problems in the framework of paracontact geometry of dimension \(3\) , namely, the class of parallel symmetric tensor fields of \((0, 2)\) -type and possible Lorentz Ricci solitons. We search for two types of Ricci solitons: the first when its potential vector field is exactly the characteristic vector field \(\xi \) of the paracontact structure and the second when the potential vector field is a paracontact-holomorphic one. For the former case we find all variants of Ricci solitons, expanding, steady and shrinking, and the fact that \(\xi \) is a conformal Killing vector field. A class of examples is completely discussed.     

Realizing characteristic classes by manifolds

Let BG be the classifying space for stable spherical fibrations, and let V be a finite dimensional vector subspace of the cohomology algebra H¹(BG; $\text{Z}$₂). We prove that V may be realized by a Poincaré duality space P, which means that if v:P→BG is the Spivak fibration, then v¹ maps V isomorphically onto its image in H¹(P;$\text{Z}$₂). By construction, P is the product of a certain Grassman manifold and a spherical fiber space over a closed smooth manifold.     

Über Automorphismengruppen von Möbiusebenen endlicher Ordnung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Polymer-based Biomaterials as Dressings for Chronic Stagnating Wounds

Chronic wounds, such as venous, pressure, and diabetic ulcers, are difficult to heal and represent a rising social and economical problem. Compared to acute wounds, non-healing wounds contain elevated levels of neutrophil elastase, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8), and matrix metalloproteases (MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-13) as well as free radicals. Their overproduction perpetuates the inflammatory phase resulting in severe tissue damage and degradation of growth factors. Consequently, wound closure is prevented and the wound remains non-healing for month or even years. The increasing numbers of patients suffering from wounds that fail to heal are a significant challenge for health care professionals. Wound dressings play an important role in the entire management of these wounds. New materials and treatment strategies are needed to improve wound care. Recent advances in the field of biomaterials and their medical applications indicate the significance and potential of various natural polymers in the development of novel classes of wound dressings. Native polymers are an ideal source for bio-active wound dressings because of their availability and biocompatibility. Hence, several studies have been conducted to explore the influence of wound dressings consisting of collagen, oxidized regenerated cellulose, bacterial cellulose, chitosan, or alginate on the destructive milieu in chronic wounds.