超声背散射法评价松质骨状况的研究

超声背散射法评价松质骨状况及诊断骨质疏松症是近年来医学超声领域内的研究热点之一,现已取得了显著的进展。本文将介绍近年来超声背散射法及其参量评价松质骨状况的研究进展,并分析超声背散射相关参量频谱质心偏移量（SCS）和平均骨小梁间距（TbSp）与骨矿密度（BMD）的相关性。研究结果表明,超声背散射参量与BMD有较高的相关性。最后提出了将来研究中需要努力的方向。     

充粘液管材中超声纵向导波的无损检测参数选择

对超声纵向导波在充粘液管材中的传播特性进行了分析。在假设实频率和复波数的基础上,计算了导波的频散曲线,得到并分析了导波在系统中的位移分布曲线和衰减系数分布曲线,以此确定了用各模式检测管材中缺陷的最佳频厚积范围和检测的最佳位置。分析结果表明:频厚积在0.07MHz·mm以下,用L(0,1)模式检测较为理想,检测管内壁缺陷时更灵敏;在0.09~0.16MHz·mm之间用L(0,2)模式检测及在0.18~0.28MHz·mm之间用 L(0,3)模式检测时较为理想。     

用斜探头激发的兰姆波对三层板参数进行反演测试研究

超声无损检测中逆问题(反演)的研究在众多的工业领域有广阔的应用前景。本文利用多模式兰姆波速度测量建立了一种基于误差函数的三层板参数反演算法;结合快速傅里叶变换(FFT)及自回归(AR)模型,还提出了一种用于精确检测多模式超声波相速度的“混合”谱估计方法。实验工作由两个普通的斜探头在三层复合结构的同一面激发与接收多模式兰姆波,通过反演得到此三层结构中的多个参数(厚度及其中某层的纵横波声速),实验测试所得到的反演结果与参数的实际值符合得较好。     

Strongly electron deficient sulfonyldithioformate based RAFT agents for hetero Diels‐Alder conjugation: Computational design and experimental evaluation

The synthesis of a novel class of reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents—based on quantum‐chemical ab initio calculations—having methylsulfonyl and phenylsulfonyl moieties as Z‐group is described. The resulting C‐sulfonyldithioformate transfer agents [benzyl methylsulfonyldithioformate (MSDTF) and benzyl phenylsulfonyldithioformate (PSDTF)] feature extremely strong electron deficient C?S double bonds and should thus be suitable to undergo rapid hetero Diels‐Alder (HDA) reactions with variable dienes under mild (i.e., ambient and catalyst free) reaction conditions. It can be demonstrated via a series of model reactions, whose outcome is monitored via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), that C‐sulfonyldithioformate based RAFT agents undergo HDA reactions with a series of diene‐capped macromolecules (10 min < reaction time < 24 h) at ambient temperatures (T ≈ 25 °C) with reaction times ranging from 24 h (for open chain dienes) to a few minutes (for cyclopentadiene) in the absence of any catalysts. Concomitantly, PSDTF is able to efficiently mediate the polymerization of isobornyl acrylate (iBA) with living characteristics (2300 < M_n (g/mol) < 16,000, 1.08 < PDI < 1.31). In a subsequent step, it is demonstrated that conjugates of poly(iBA) and polystyrene can be constructed under mild reaction conditions (reaction time < 10 min, T ≈ 25 °C, M_n ≈ 6000 (g/mol), PDI ≈ 1.3, no catalyst). In addition, we highlight that sulfonyldithioformate type RAFT agents are such effective dienophiles that they can undergo HDA reactions with certain monomers, including styrene. While such a strong HDA activity limits their use in polymerizations, it opens an avenue for catalyst free efficient surface modification reactions under mild conditions with variable dienes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 6053–6071, 2009     

Synthesis of the p-keto acids from benzimidazolium iodides and ethyl malonate

The reaction of benzhnidazole methiodide with ethyl malonate in the existence of base was studied,and a new convenient synthetic method of the β-keto acid was provided.     

Computational study of the chemistry of 3-phenylpropyl radicals

Density functional theory (DFT) and G3-type (G3(MP2)-RAD) composite calculations were performed on a series of substituted 3-phenylpropyl radicals, to determine the relative importance of fragmentation and cyclization reactions in the chemistry of such species. Our studies indicate that cyclization is generally the more important of these reactions, with exceptions where fragmentation yields highly stabilized benzylic species. The energetic barriers for the cyclization reactions (enthalpies of activation) were found to be determined largely by the stability of the reactant radical and to a lesser but significant extent, by steric factors. Polarity effects in the transition state (modeled by SOMO-LUMO gaps of the products) appear to be less important. The data obtained indicated that the addition of benzyl radical to alkenes may be considered to be irreversible, but calculations for α-substituted styrenic systems indicate that reversibility of addition may become a factor in dilute polymerizing solutions for select systems.     

第4届国际超声大会(ICU)在新加坡召开

2013年5月2日至5日,第4届国际超声大会（ICU）在新加坡召开。本次会议在国际声学委员会的组织下,由新加坡声学学会主办,由澳大利亚声学学会、印度声学学会、香港声学学会和印度无损检测学会联合承办。会议致力于促进超声不同领域,包括基础研究、工程技术以及生物医学应用等方面的国际交流与合作。     

5-Bromobarbituric Acid : A Mild and Selective Monobrominating Agent Employed in the Synthesis of the Gastrin Antagonist GR174152

5-Bromobarbituric acid (5) is a convenient reagent for the selective bromination of cyclic imine 3. A facile, in situ synthesis of this reagent involving a disproportionation reaction between barbituric acid and dibromobarbituric acid is described.     

《硅光电池特性》实验教学探索和实践

为了更好地培养全校本科生的创新思维和动手实践能力,探索了适合九零后学生的教学方法。针对实验中存在的一些问题,引导学生积极思考,找到一些快速完成实验并且大大降低仪器损耗率的实验技巧,实现学生、教师、学校三方共赢的目标。     

Reactivity of phosphiranes toward nucleophiles: Theoretical and experimental investigations

The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the reaction of 1‐methylphosphirane with dimethylphosphide (PMe), proceeding via attack at the ring phosphorus atom to give Me₂P–PMe⁻ plus ethylene, were calculated at the G3(MP2)‐RAD(+) level. The rate constant for this mechanism (k = 1.1 × 10¹³ L mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ at 25°C) is seven orders of magnitude greater than that for the previously studied mechanism involving attack at carbon. Experimental investigations with 1‐phenylphosphirane gave consistent results: Treatment with LiPMePh yielded no detectable polymer, and quenching with MeI gave the known diphosphine (R*, R*)‐(±)/(R*, S*)‐MePhP‐‐PMePh. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:178–181, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20405