青霉素对乳酸-丙酮-溴酸钾-硫酸锰-硫酸开放化学振荡体系的扰动

在连续搅拌反应器(CSTR)中,利用分析物脉冲微扰技术(APP)研究了青霉素对锰离子催化Belousov-Zhabotinsky(B-Z)开放化学振荡体系的影响。结果表明,青霉素浓度在2.97×10-7～5.50×10-5mol/L范围内,周期和振幅的变化率与所加入青霉素浓度的负对数呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9981和0.9985;检出限为5.9×10-8mol/L。所建立的方法简便易行,每小时可进样15次。对可能的反应机理也进行了讨论。锰属于生命元素,在体内参与生物酶的合成与转化,研究青霉素对锰催化振荡反应体系的扰动对于理解生命运动更为有利。     

NIR TADF emitters and OLEDs: challenges,progress, and perspectives

Near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting materials show excellent potential applications in the fields of military technology, bioimaging, optical communication, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), etc. Recently, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have made historic developments in the field of OLEDs. These metal-free materials are more attractive because of efficient reverse intersystem crossing processes which result in promising high efficiencies in OLEDs. However, the development of NIR TADF emitters has progressed at a relatively slower pace which could be ascribed to the difficult promotion of external quantum efficiencies. Thus, increasing attention has been paid to NIR TADF emitters. In this review, the recent progress of NIR TADF emitters has been summarized along with their molecular design strategies and photophysical properties, as well as electroluminescence performance data of their OLEDs, respectively.

This review presents the recent progress of NIR TADF emitters along with their molecular design strategies and photophysical properties, as well as the electroluminescence performance data of the emitters and their OLEDs.     

Effect of Thermal Processing on the Metabolic Components of Black Beans on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Field Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans.     

具有聚集诱导发光特性的含氟有机金属配合物的研究进展

近年来,具有聚集诱导发光(aggregation-induced emission,AIE)特性的化合物由于在聚集态或固态发光量子效率较高而受到很多关注.含氟的功能化合物,由于氟原子的存在,往往具有独特的结构和物理、化学及生物学性质.根据中心金属和配体的种类,汇总了具有AIE性质的且含有氟代配体的有机金属配合物的研究进...     

A Bregman-Split-Based Compressive Sensing Method for Dynamic Harmonic Estimation

In order to overcome the spectral interference of the conventional Fourier transform in the International Electrotechnical Commission framework, this paper introduces a Bregman-split-based compressive sensing (BSCS) method to estimate the Taylor–Fourier coefficients in a multi-frequency dynamic phasor model. Considering the DDC component estimation, this paper transforms the phasor problem into a compressive sensing model based on the regularity and sparsity of the dynamic harmonic signal distribution. It then derives an optimized hybrid regularization algorithm with the Bregman split method to reconstruct the dynamic phasor estimation. The accuracy of the model was verified by using the cross entropy to measure the distribution differences of values. Composite tests derived from the dynamic phasor test conditions were then used to verify the potentialities of the BSCS method. Simulation results show that the algorithm can alleviate the impact of dynamic signals on phasor estimation and significantly improve the estimation accuracy, which provides a theoretical basis for P-class phasor measurement units (PMUs).     

含氨基和环氧基双功能基的聚合物刷磁性微球的制备及对青霉素G酰化酶的固定化

在内部分散超顺磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的二乙烯苯交联聚丙烯酸微球表面引入原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)引发剂,引发聚合向微球表面分别引入P(GMMA-r-DMAEMA-r-GMA)、P(GMMA-r-DMAEMA)和P(GMMA-r-GMA)无规共聚物刷(GMMA为甲基丙烯酸甘油单酯,DMAEMA为甲基丙烯酸-N,N-二甲氨基乙酯,GMA为甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯),聚合物刷中GMMA链节的作用是使聚合物刷具有亲水性,DMAEMA引入氨基,GMA引入环氧基.研究了青霉素G酰化酶在这些载体上的固定化和其酶活性.结果表明,同时引入环氧基和氨基的P(GMMA-r-DMAEMA-r-GMA)刷磁性微球固定化青霉素G酰化酶的活性和活性收率都最高,其固定化动力学比只含环氧基P(GMMA-r-GMA)刷磁性微球的好.固定化酶比自由酶更耐热,固定化酶的最佳pH值比自由酶的略高,固定化酶重复使用10次后其活性保留70%.     

以C70衍生物为电子受体的高效聚合物固体薄膜太阳能电池

以PC[70]BM(phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester)取代PC[60]BM(phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester)作为电子受体材料,以MEH-PPV(poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene])为电子给体材料,制成了本体异质结(bulk heterojunction,BHJ)聚合物太阳能电池.MEH-PPV/PC[70]BM器件在AM1.5G(80 mW/cm2)模拟太阳光的光照条件下得到了3.42%的能量转换效率,短路电流值达到了6.07 mA/cm2,开路电压0.85 V,填充因子为53%.通过紫外可见吸收光谱和外量子效率的研究,发现PC[70]BM作为电子受体,对扩大光谱的吸收范围和增加活性层的吸收系数有明显的作用.同时比较了不同溶剂对该体系器件性能的影响.通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、光暗导I-V曲线等研究,分析了1,2-二氯苯有利于给体相和受体相的微相分离和载流子的传输的原因.     

DUAL RECIPROCITY HYBRID BOUNDARY NODE METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTICITY WITH BODY FORCE

Combining Dual Reciprocity Method （DRM） with Hybrid Boundary Node Method （HBNM）, the Dual Reciprocity Hybrid Boundary Node Method （DRHBNM） is developed for three-dimensional linear elasticity problems with body force. This method can be used to solve the elasticity problems with body force without domain integral, which is inevitable by HBNM. To demonstrate the versatility and the fast convergence of this method, some numerical examples of 3-D elasticity problems with body forces are examined. The computational results show that the present method is effective and can be widely applied in solving practical engineering problems.     

伊文思蓝作荧光探针研究牛血清白蛋白与氨苄青霉素之间的竞争反应

用伊文思蓝(Evans blue, EB)作荧光探针研究了氨苄青霉素(Ampicillin, A)对牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumin, BSA)的竞争反应. 伊文思蓝与牛血清白蛋白作用, 使牛血清白蛋白荧光发生猝灭, 根据Stern-Volmer方程及荧光寿命研究了荧光猝灭的类型及机理. 结果表明, 猝灭类型为静态猝灭, 即伊文思蓝和牛血清白蛋白形成了一种稳定的复合物. 伊文思蓝与牛血清白蛋白的结合常数KBSA-EB=1.122×106 L/mol, 结合点数n=0.9935, 并确定了EB和BSA之间的热力学常数及作用力类型. 当加入氨苄青霉素后, 牛血清白蛋白的相对荧光强度恢复. 这表明氨苄青霉素与伊文思蓝对牛血清白蛋白发生了竞争反应. 探讨了该竞争反应的相关机理, 求出了伊文思蓝与氨苄青霉素的结合常数为KEB-A=7.131×105 L/mol.     

十八世纪以来中国太湖流域与英国苏格兰的人才比较研究

将中国人才出得最多的地区之一──太湖流域和西方人才出得最多的地区之一──英国苏格兰（１９８３年人口５１４万）进行比较，发现近３００年来，两地在人才上差距相当大，特别是在自然科学、医学和经济领域方面。在这一期间，苏格兰人对世界的贡献和影响要比太湖流域人大得多。本文介绍了所用的比较研究方法，概述了分类比较研究和学科比较研究结果，并从经济基础、思想观念、政治环境、国际交流、教育和战乱等几个方面探讨了形成这种明显差距的原因。最后提出了对２１世纪中华人才的展望。这一研究可以看作是对“汤因比猜想”研究（从人才角度）以及东亚－西欧人才比较研究的一种先期的“模型试验”。对后者的深入研究将有助于对中华民族未来的自我认识。