Electrochemical behavior of active surface layers in AA8xxx aluminum alloys

AA8xxx alloys employed in the HVAC&R sector (heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigerating) were investigated to highlight the effect of active surface layers in heat-exchanger fins. The local behavior of the surface and the bulk of the alloy sheets was studied by means of an electrochemical microcell in combination with glow-discharge optical-emission spectrometry. Surface layers strongly enhance the electrochemical activity of the fin material. This is related to the segregation of Mg and other elements (Sn) strongly impairing the protective behavior of the oxide film generated during thermomechanical processing.     

Rapid and easy quantification of elemental sulphur in aqueous samples from biological reactors: the turbidimetric method revisited

Recent developments in wastewater treatment have led to a renewed interest to obtain elemental sulphur (S°) as a by-product from bioreactors. However, practical studies are limited by the gap of adequate analytical techniques for its determination. This paper provides a statistical study and matrix effect evaluation of an adapted spectrophotometric method for routine S° analyses in aqueous samples, based on a methodology previously described by Hart (1961). Four complex matrices were tested: domestic sewage and effluent samples from three different bioreactors. Tested performance criteria included linearity, matrix effect, limit of detection and quantification and S° recovery. Results were linear (R² = 0.99994) in the studied range (5 to 100 mg S° L^?1) and no matrix effect was observed. The accuracy was based on recovery values that varied from 100% to 106%. The colloidal S° separation and extraction protocol was also considered suitable for aqueous samples, reaching more than 99.0% of S° recovery.     

QUANTIS: Data quality assessment tool by clustering analysis

Automatically generated kinetic networks are ideally validated against a large set of accurate, reproducible, and easy-to-model experimental data. However, although this might seem simple, it proves to be quite challenging. QUANTIS, a publicly available Python package, is specifically developed to evaluate both the precision and accuracy of experimental data and to ensure a uniform, quick processing, and storage strategy that enables automated comparison of developed kinetic models. The precision is investigated with two clustering techniques, PCA and t-SNE, whereas the accuracy is probed with checks for the conservation laws. First, the developed tool processes, evaluates, and stores experimental yield data automatically. All data belonging to a given experiment, both unprocessed and processed, are stored in the form of an HDF5 container. The demonstration of QUANTIS on three different pyrolysis cases showed that it can help in identifying and overcoming instabilities in experimental datasets, reduce mass and molar balance closure discrepancies, and, by evaluating the visualized correlation matrices, increase understanding in the underlying reaction pathways. Inclusion of all experimental data in the HDF5 file makes it possible to automate simulating the experiment with CHEMKIN. Because of the employed InChI string identifiers for molecules, it is possible to automate the comparison experiment/simulation. QUANTIS and the concepts demonstrated therein is a potentially useful tool for data quality assessment, kinetic model validation, and refinement.     

Activity of Compounds from Temperate Propolis against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania mexicana

Ethanolic extracts of samples of temperate zone propolis, four from the UK and one from Poland, were tested against three Trypanosoma brucei strains and displayed EC₅₀ values < 20 µg/mL. The extracts were fractionated, from which 12 compounds and one two-component mixture were isolated, and characterized by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, as 3-acetoxypinobanksin, tectochrysin, kaempferol, pinocembrin, 4′-methoxykaempferol, galangin, chrysin, apigenin, pinostrobin, cinnamic acid, coumaric acid, cinnamyl ester/coumaric acid benzyl ester (mixture), 4′,7-dimethoxykaempferol, and naringenin 4′,7-dimethyl ether. The isolated compounds were tested against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of T. brucei and Leishmania mexicana, with the highest activities ≤ 15 µM. The most active compounds against T. brucei were naringenin 4′,7 dimethyl ether and 4′methoxy kaempferol with activity of 15–20 µM against the three T. brucei strains. The most active compounds against L. mexicana were 4′,7-dimethoxykaempferol and the coumaric acid ester mixture, with EC₅₀ values of 12.9 ± 3.7 µM and 13.1 ± 1.0 µM. No loss of activity was found with the diamidine- and arsenical-resistant or phenanthridine-resistant T. brucei strains, or the miltefosine-resistant L. mexicana strain; no clear structure activity relationship was observed for the isolated compounds. Temperate propolis yields multiple compounds with anti-kinetoplastid activity.     

高岭石吸附乙烯和苯的Delft分子力学研究

运用Ｄｅｌｆｔ分子力学（ＤＭＭ）程序及其粘土和共轭烯烃力场，计算研究了高岭石对乙烯和苯的吸附作用，探讨了吸附对粘土晶体和有机分子的结构、电荷分布和能量的影响，求得了高岭石吸附乙烯和苯的吸附热等重要物理量．     

Residue study of doxycycline and 4-epidoxycycline in pigs medicated via-drinking water.

A study was performed to determine the residues in edible tissues of healthy pigs after continuous administration of doxycycline with drinking water for five consecutive days at a dose rate of 10.5 mg doxycycline kg-1 body weight (BW) per day. Quantitation was performed using a validated HPLC method with fluorescence detection. The method was able to separate doxycycline and its 4-epimer, 4-epidoxycycline. This epimer was found in kidney, liver, skin, fat and muscle tissue. The method was validated at the maximum residue limit (MRL), at half the MRL and at double the MRL for both doxycycline and 4-epidoxycycline. Linear calibration curves were obtained in spiked tissues (r > 0.99). The accuracy of the calibrators of the calibration curves was within -20% to +10%. The accuracy and precision (expressed as the within-run repeatability) were found to be within the required ranges for the specific concentration. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were below one-half of the MRL. The quantification limits were 50 micrograms kg-1 for doxycycline and 100 micrograms kg-1 for 4-epidoxycycline in kidney and liver, 20 micrograms kg-1 for doxycycline and 50 micrograms kg-1 for 4-epidoxycycline in skin and fat and 10 micrograms kg-1 for doxycycline and 50 micrograms kg-1 for 4-epidoxycycline in muscle tissue. The withdrawal time was calculated according to the recommendations of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA/CVMP/036/95) and was set at 3 days. The plasma concentration of doxycycline and the stability of doxycycline in drinking water were also determined during the treatment period. The mean plasma concentration of doxycycline during the treatment period ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 microgram ml-1. Thirty-six hours after the withdrawal from medicated drinking water, no plasma levels could be detected. Samples of medicated water were taken at time zero and at 24 h after addition of doxycycline to the drinking water. No statistically significant difference in the mean drinking water concentration was seen at time zero and at time 24 h (Student's t-test, alpha = 0.05).     

Optical Properties of Fullerenated Poly(epoxy propyl carbazole)

Sincethedevelopmentofmethodslformassproductionoffullerenes,therehasbeengTeatinterestinit-Manyresearchgroups'havepaidgreatattentiontothefiJllerene-dopedpolymersinceWang'discoveredinl992thatfullerene-dopedPVKhasanapparentlyincreasingphotoconductivity.WehavereportedthechendcalattachmentofCcocagestothecarbazolegroupsonpoly(epoxypropylcarbazole)(PEPC)chainsbyFriedel-Craftstypereaction'.Here,theopticalpropertiesoffullerenatedPEPCwereinvestigated,whichwillshowitsgoodphotoconductivepropeFtiesbe…     

Synthesis, Characterization and Catalysis of New Pillared Anionic Clays by [GaW_(11)O_(39)M(H_2O)]~(7-)(M=Mn~(2 ),Co~(2 ) or Ni~(2 ))

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｎｉｏｎｉｃｃｌａｙｓ（ｌａｙｅｒｅｄｄｏｕｂｌｅｈｙｄｒｏｘｉｄｅｓ）ａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｌａｙｅｒｅｄｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ．Ｔｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｆｏｒｍｕｌａｉｓ［Ｍ２＋（１－ｘ）Ｍｘ３＋（ＯＨ）２］ｘ＋Ａｎ－ｘ／ｎｍ...