Line intensities of Co2 in the 2.0 micron region

The line intensities of the three δ-δ bands of CO₂ and their associated Π-Π hot bands in the 2.0 υ region have been measured using a combination of long optical paths and low sample pressures with high resolution (0.035 cm^-1). These intensities yield total band strengths of 0.200, 0.969, 0.288, 0.0017, 0.062 and 0.028 cm^-2 atm^-1 at 296 K for the 04⁰1-00⁰0, 12⁰1-00⁰0, 20⁰1-00⁰, 05¹1-01¹0, 13¹1-01¹0 and 21¹1-01 ¹0 bands, respectively. The rotationless dipole moment matrix element and the German-Wallis coefficients are also determined for each band.     

Conversion of furans into gamma-hydroxybutenolides: use of sodium chlorite

3,4-disubstituted furans are converted into gamma-hydroxy-butenolides by treatment with NaClO(2) in aqueous EtOH containing NaH(2)PO(4).     

Technical considerations for the use of 15N-DNA stable-isotope probing for functional microbial activity in soils

Stable-isotope DNA probing is a culture-independent technique that may provide a link between function and phylogeny of active microorganisms. The technique has been used in association with 13C substrates while here we evaluate feasibility and limitations of 15N-DNA stable-isotope probing (SIP) using labelled and unlabelled pure microbial cultures or soil extracts. Our results showed that (15)N-DNA probing is feasible for cultures as well as soil samples. Limitations of 15N-DNA-SIP are (a) the need for relatively large quantities of DNA to visualise bands (although molecular resolution is much higher) and (b) 15N-DNA enrichment needed to ideally be >50 at%; however, this requirement can be lowered to approx. 40 atom% 15N with pure cultures using a modified CsCl centrifugation method (140K g for 69 h). These advances in 15N-DNA-SIP methodology open new opportunities to trace active microbial populations utilising specific N substrates in situ.     

A general method for making bicyclic compounds with nitrogen at a bridgehead--application to the halichlorine spiro subunit

N-protected beta-amino aldehydes having the nitrogen in a ring are easily converted into Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts; O-acetylation and N-deprotection result in spontaneous cyclization to bicyclic structures having nitrogen at a bridgehead.     

The new permeability pathways: targets and selective routes for the development of new antimalarial agents

The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, spends part of its complex life cycle within the red blood cells of a human host. During this time, the parasite alters the permeability of the red blood cell's plasma membrane to allow the uptake of nutrients, the removal of "waste" and volume and ion regulation of the infected cell. The increased permeability is due to the induction of new permeability pathways (NPP), which are obvious chemotherapeutic antimalarial targets and/or selective routes for drugs, which target the internal parasite. This review covers our present understanding of the NPP, the methods used to screen for putative inhibitors of the NPP, the current repertoire of NPP inhibitors and the problems that need to be addressed to realise the potential of the NPP as antimalarial targets. In addition, the review will cover the use of the NPP as specific drug delivery routes.     

The laser magnetic resonance spectrum of the NCO radical at 5.2 μm

Lines in the ν₃ (“antisymmetric” stretch) fundamental of the NCO radical in the $\text{X}\text{?}{}^2\text{Π}$ state were studied by CO laser magnetic resonance. The observations were assigned to P and R lines in the vibration-rotation band and lead to a precise determination of the vibrational interval and the anharmonic correction to the rotational constant: ν₃ = 1920.60645(19) cm^?1, α₃ = 0.003338(21) cm^?1. A single transition in the hot band (011)-(010), ${}^2\text{Δ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}\text{-}{}^2\text{Δ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>5</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ was detected. This observation is used to determine the origin of the hot band as 1907.11892(20) cm^?1, i.e., the anharmonicity parameter x₂₃ = ?13.48753(28) cm^?1.     

Statistical mechanics of non-uniform fluids: Spinodal decomposition and the critical interface

Stability of a uniform dense fluid with respect to spinodal decomposition is investigated. The statistical mechanical result concurs with the classic result of Cahn. The approach is extended to the critical liquid-vapour interface.