全文获取类型
收费全文 | 436044篇 |
免费 | 4848篇 |
国内免费 | 1230篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 233764篇 |
晶体学 | 6489篇 |
力学 | 18764篇 |
综合类 | 13篇 |
数学 | 49929篇 |
物理学 | 133163篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 3768篇 |
2020年 | 4185篇 |
2019年 | 4518篇 |
2018年 | 5853篇 |
2017年 | 5744篇 |
2016年 | 8831篇 |
2015年 | 5561篇 |
2014年 | 8542篇 |
2013年 | 20183篇 |
2012年 | 15647篇 |
2011年 | 19261篇 |
2010年 | 13497篇 |
2009年 | 13350篇 |
2008年 | 17647篇 |
2007年 | 17541篇 |
2006年 | 16252篇 |
2005年 | 14550篇 |
2004年 | 13524篇 |
2003年 | 11892篇 |
2002年 | 11728篇 |
2001年 | 13429篇 |
2000年 | 10085篇 |
1999年 | 7916篇 |
1998年 | 6569篇 |
1997年 | 6314篇 |
1996年 | 6081篇 |
1995年 | 5470篇 |
1994年 | 5392篇 |
1993年 | 5197篇 |
1992年 | 5828篇 |
1991年 | 5924篇 |
1990年 | 5664篇 |
1989年 | 5472篇 |
1988年 | 5493篇 |
1987年 | 5374篇 |
1986年 | 5091篇 |
1985年 | 6560篇 |
1984年 | 6694篇 |
1983年 | 5301篇 |
1982年 | 5387篇 |
1981年 | 5367篇 |
1980年 | 4955篇 |
1979年 | 5352篇 |
1978年 | 5491篇 |
1977年 | 5385篇 |
1976年 | 5328篇 |
1975年 | 4914篇 |
1974年 | 4885篇 |
1973年 | 4880篇 |
1972年 | 3455篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
941.
Parametric interactions in nonlinear crystals represent a powerful tool in the optical manipulation of information, both in the classical and the quantum regime. Here, we analyze in detail classical and quantum aspects of three-and five-mode parametric interactions in x(2) nonlinear crystals. The equations of motion are explicitly derived and then solved within the parametric approximation. We describe several applications, including holography, all-optical gates, generation of entanglement, and telecloning. Experimental results on the photon distributions and correlations of the generated beams are also reported and discussed. 相似文献
942.
We describe the formation of a narrow beam for intensity-modulated electromagnetic radiation propagating through highly scattering materials. We propose to use this beam to reconstruct images, similar to X-ray back-projection techniques. For sufficiently high modulation frequency, the photon density wave is primarily carried by photons that suffer small or no large-angle scattering, which gives rise to the beam’s narrow divergence. The beam-narrowing concept is supported by large-scale numerical simulations to examine the quality of the imaging. 相似文献
943.
In mountain-rescue operations injured people are generally exposed to vibrations and shocks that can be potential causes of physical conditions worsening. Such vibrations can derive both from patient's body manipulations (e.g. when it is being loaded and immobilized on a stretcher) and from forces coming from the transport devices and vehicles. Despite the general feeling that during this kind of operations the levels of transmitted vibrations to the injured can be quite large and potentially dangerous, there is practically no study in literature providing reliable parameters (i.e. measurements) to support or dismiss these beliefs. This paper reports the results of a measurement campaign carried-out in order to outline, identify and quantify the excitations a human body is exposed to, during typical transportation phases related to mountain-rescue operations. The work mainly presents and discusses the experimental setup with the aim of focusing on the problems related to this kind of measurements; the results of the experimental campaign carried-out for the measurement of the vibrations undergone by a human body during a simulated rescue operation are presented and discussed as well. Such simulation includes three phases of transportation: on a hand-held stretcher, on an ambulance and on a helicopter. The work is not intended to supply a complete characterization and analysis of vibrations transmission during any rescue operation but just to provide a preliminary overview and to define a measurement method that can be applied for a more comprehensive characterization. With such aims measurements were carried out in on-field situations stated as “typical” by rescue experts and data then analyzed both with standard procedures and algorithms (e.g. ISO 2631s weighting curves) and with the commonly used statistical indexes; in the analysis it is important to be aware that standardized measurement procedures and indexes, created to verify comfort or health-risks of workers, might not fit the case of a generic patient who experienced a serious mountain accident. The work includes also a laboratory activity mainly related to mechanical characterization of the stretcher used in the field tests. The most interesting result of the study is the comparison of the vibration levels in the various rescue phases that, even when using different indicators, shows that the most critical issue is due to hand transportation despite the bad judgment usually expressed for helicopter flight. 相似文献
944.
Jos A. Gmez-Pedrero Juan A. Quiroga M. Jos Terrn-Lpez Daniel Crespo 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2006,44(12):1297-1310
In this paper we present the application of a direct demodulation method for the measurement of surface topography by means of Shadow-Moiré. In our set-up, we use three LEDs (with green, red and blue peak wavelengths) to illuminate the grating. Due to the different position of these light sources, a polychromatic Shadow-Moiré fringe pattern is produced, which can be described as the superposition of three monochromatic (red, green and blue) fringe patterns. Taking the image of this polychromatic fringe pattern with a RGB CCD camera, we get a monochromatic fringe pattern stored at each RGB channel of the CCD. The direct demodulation algorithm employed uses these fringe patterns to calculate the wrapped phase map. After unwrapping the phase map using a standard multi-grid technique, we implemented an automatic procedure to detect the area of interest of the phase map by removing low modulation zones and to calculate the absolute value of the phase. In this way it is possible to determine the topography of a surface with a single RGB snapshot maintaining a simple experimental set-up, which is an important feature, especially for the study of dynamic phenomena such as deformations. We present the experimental results obtained after measuring different objects with both smooth and rough surface textures. 相似文献
945.
946.
947.
I. G. Alekseev P. E. Budkovsky V. P. Kanavets L. I. Koroleva B. V. Morozov V. M. Nesterov V. V. Ryltsov D. N. Svirida A. D. Sulimov V. V. Zhurkin Yu. A. Beloglazov A. I. Kovalev S. P. Kruglov D. V. Novinsky V. A. Shchedrov V. V. Sumachev V. Yu. Trautman N. A. Bazhanov E. I. Bunyatova 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2002,65(2):220-228
New experimental data on the spin-rotation parameters A and R measured for elastic π ± p scattering in the resonance region and on the asymmetry in pC scattering at primary momenta in the range 1.35–2.02 GeV/c, as well as in quasielastic proton scattering on nuclei in the same momentum range, are summarized. All these data were recently obtained by using the proton synchrotron installed at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP, Moscow). The spectrum and features of seven isospin-3/2 baryon resonances that form a peak in the total cross section at a c.m. energy of 1.9 GeV are analyzed on the basis of new data on the parameters A and R, and the results of this analysis are presented. The experiments surveyed in this article were performed by a collaboration of researchers from ITEP and the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute (PNPI, Gatchina), the ITEP-PNPI collaboration. 相似文献
948.
Materials from the Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 (0≤x≤0.50) solid solution were obtained by solid-state reaction in air at 1000 °C. Selected compositions were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrochemical lithium intercalation. The structure of all samples determined by Rietveld analysis is of the Nasicon type with the R
space group. Mn2+/Ca2+ ions occupy only the M1 sites in the Ti2(PO4)3 framework. The divalent cations are ordered in one of two M1 sites, except for the Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 phase, where a small departure from the ideal order is observed by XRD and 31P MAS NMR. The electrochemical behaviour of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 and Mn(0.5−x)CaxTi2(PO4)3 phases was characterised in Li cells. Two Li ions can be inserted without altering the Ti2(PO4)3 framework. In the 0≤y≤2 range, the OCV curves of Li//LiyMn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 cells show two main potential plateaus at 2.90 and 2.50–2.30 V. Comparison between the OCV curves of Li//Li(1+y)Ti2(PO4)3 and Li//LiyMn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 shows that the intercalation occurs first in the unoccupied M1 site of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 at 2.90 V and then, for compositions y>0.50, at the M2 site (2.50–2.30 V voltage range). The effect of calcium substitution in Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3 on the lithium intercalation is also discussed from a structural and kinetic viewpoint. In all systems, the lithium intercalation is associated with a redistribution of the divalent cation over all M1 sites. In the case of Mn0.50Ti2(PO4)3, the stability of Mn2+ either in an octahedral or tetrahedral environment facilitates cationic migration. 相似文献
949.
Russian Journal of General Chemistry - 相似文献
950.
L. I. Arkhipova M. G. Lebedev Yu. N. Sadkov 《Computational Mathematics and Modeling》1991,2(3):351-356
Translated from Aktual'nye Voprosy Prikladnoi Matematiki, pp. 228–235, 1989. 相似文献