Identification of novel biomarker candidates by differential peptidomics analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease

The objective of this work was the application of peptidomics technologies for the detection and identification of reliable and robust biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) contributing to facilitate and further improve the diagnosis of AD. Using a new method for the comprehensive and comparative profiling of peptides, the differential peptide display (DPD), 312 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD patients, cognitively unimpaired subjects and from patients suffering from other primary dementia disorders were analysed as four independent analytical sets. By combination with a cross validation procedure, candidates were selected from a total of more than 6,000 different peptide signals based on their discriminating power. Twelve candidates were identified using mass-spectrometric techniques as fragments of the possibly neuroprotective neuroendocrine protein VGF and another one as the complement factor C3 descendent C3f. The combination of peptide profiling and cross validation resulted in the detection of novel potential biomarkers with remarkable robustness and a close relation to AD pathophysiology.     

On-line measurement of extracellular enzymes during fermentation by using membrane techniques

The measurement of enzymes during fermentation is of general interest for process control in industrial biotechnology. Studies are presented to develop an on-line measurement for extracellular hydrolases by using membrane separations as the main unit operation, first for achieving continuous sampling from the bioreactor prior to analysis, and secondly for measuring hydrolytic activities, by separating the cleavage products during reaction of enzymes with high-molecular-weight substrates by an ultrafiltration membrane. The evaluation of batchwise and continuous flow analysis for an alkaline protease and pullulanase are described, and the feasibility of on-line measurement during fermentation of Bacillus licheniformis and Klebsiella pneumoniae on a 30- and 70-l pilot scale is demonstrated, including aseptic continuous sampling.     

Zur Frage der klinisch-biochemischen Analyse modifizierter Ribonucleoside in Harn und Serum

Ohne Zusammenfassung

---

On the problem of the clinical-biochemical analysis of modified ribonucleosides in urine and serum

     

ber die Gruppe der Projektivitäten in nichtgeschlossenen Ebenen

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Über die Flächen von Monge und Serret im isotropen Raum

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Bemerkungen zu räumlich homogenen Gitterirrfahrten

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Application of gel chromatography to small molecules

Summary Liuid chromatographic separations of hydrocarbons, alcohols, triglycerides and surfactants with molecular weights ranging from 100–1,000 were accomplished, using columns packed with porous polymeric beads. The fractionation capability of the porous gels has been extended to smaller molecules through the development of small porosity gels. The gels separated according to molecular size and are therefore useful both for separation and identification purposes. Since they require no stationary liquid phase, they afford long column life without need of a saturated carrier.

---

Zusammenfassung Flüssigkeits-chromatographische Trennungen von Kohlenwasserstoffen, Alkoholen, Triglyceriden und oberflächenaktiven Substanzen mit Molekulargewichten von 100–1000 wurden mit Hilfe von porösen Polymerkörnern erreicht. Das Trennvermögen der porösen Gele wurde durch Entwicklung kleinporiger Typen auf kleinere Moleküle ausgedehnt. Da die Moleküle entsprechend ihrer Größe getrennt werden, kann außer der Trennung auch eine Identifizierung erreicht werden. Da keine flüssige stationäre Phase erforderlich ist, ist eine lange Lebensdauer der Säulen gewährleistet.