1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-benzene衍生物热致变色研究

本文制备了三种在1,4-bis[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]-benzene(bp-eb)上接枝不同烷基链长度的热致变色材料DC8、DC12、DC16. 在365 nm激发光下,随着温度升高,它们呈现出荧光颜色的改变,这种改变来自于晶体态与无定形态之间的转变. 此外,DC16也呈现出光致变色的性质. 通过差示扫描量热法测试得到的相转变温度高于实验过程中荧光颜色改变时的温度. 因此,这种变色行为来自于光与热共同作用的结果. 乙醇可以使粉末变回起始的晶体状态,从而使荧光颜色恢复,实现热致变色行为的可逆. 本研究对理解热致变色分子的结构-性质关系,指导热致变色分子设计具有重要意义.     

基于高光谱成像技术的油菜叶片SPAD值检测

以油菜叶片为研究对象,利用高光谱成像技术,成功建立了叶绿素相对值SPAD值的预测模型。共采集了160个油菜叶片样本在380～1030 nm范围内的高光谱图像。选择500～900 nm之间的平均光谱作为油菜叶片样本的光谱。利用蒙特卡罗最小二乘法(monte carlo partial least squares, MC-PLS)剔除了13个异常样本,基于剩余的147个样本光谱数据与SPAD测量值进行分析,采用了不同的方法建立了多种预测模型,包括：全光谱的偏最小二乘法(partial least squares, PLS)模型,连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)选择特征波长的PLS预测模型,“红边”位置(λ_red)的简单经验估测模型,三种植被指数R₇₁₀/R₇₆₀,(R₇₅₀-R₇₀₅)/(R₇₅₀-R₇₀₅)和R₈₆₀/(R₅₅₀*R₇₀₈)分别建立的简单经验估测模型,以及基于这三种植被指数的PLS预测模型。建模结果显示,全光谱的PLS模型预测效果最为精确,其预测相关系数r_p为0.833 9,预测均方根误差RMSEP为1.52。而使用SPA算法选出的8个特征波长所建立的PLS模型其预测结果可达到与全光谱的PLS模型非常接近的水平,而且在保证一定精度的条件下减少了大量运算,节省了运算时间,大幅提高了建模的速度。而基于红边位置和选择的三种植被指数而建立的简单经验估计模型其预测结果虽与基于全光谱的PLS预测模型有一定差距,但模型简单、运算量小,适合用于对精度要求不高的场合,对后续的便携仪器设备开发有一定的指导作用。     

高光谱成像技术的柑橘植株叶片含氮量预测模型

氮素是果树生长发育的一种大量必需元素,及时准确地监控果树的氮营养状况,对果树的合理施肥、增产、优化果实品质以及减缓过量施氮引起的水资源污染具有重要意义。利用高光谱成像技术结合多变量统计学方法,建立了柑橘植株叶片的含氮量预测模型。研究步骤为：高光谱扫描、提取平均光谱曲线、预处理原始光谱数据、采用连续投影法提取特征波段和建立含氮量预测模型。从SG平滑、SNV、MSC、1-Der等11种预处理方法中筛选出的较优预处理方法是SG平滑、Detrending和SG平滑-Detrending。对应这三种最优预处理方法,先采用连续投影法挑选出各自的特征波长,然后将各特征波段下的光谱反射率作为偏最小二乘、多元线性回归和反向传播人工神经网络模型的输入,各自建立三个预测模型。从以上获得的9个预测模型中,得出两个最优模型SG平滑-Detrending-SPA-BPNN(R_p：0.851 3,RMSEP：0.188 1)和Detrending-SPA-BPNN(R_p：0.8609,RMSEP：0.159 5)。结果表明,利用高光谱数据测定柑橘叶片含氮量具有可行性。这为实时、准确地监控柑橘植株生长过程中叶片含氮量的变化以及合理科学的氮肥施加提供了一定的理论基础。     

Propagation of phase-locked partially coherent flattened beam array in turbulent atmosphere

Analytical formulae for phase-locked partially coherent flattened beam array propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are derived based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. Beam propagation factor (BPF) is introduced to evaluate the beam quality at the receiving plane. The influence of beam order, transverse coherence width length and the intensity of turbulence is discussed in detail.     

任意相位差条纹信号细分方法的研究

为消除传统细分方法中由于两路条纹信号不正交引入的细分误差，提出了一种可对任意相位差条纹信号直接细分的新方法。根据两路条纹信号的极性和幅值大小，把一个信号周期分成8个区段。高速采集两路条纹信号，通过判断信号采样点所处的区段是否跳变对信号幅值交点进行动态跟踪。对不足一个周期的条纹移动，当测量出起点与终点的幅值，计算出其所在的区段及位置后，结合两路信号的交点，可实现对任意相位差条纹信号的细分。实验结果表明，该方法突破了传统细分方法必须信号正交的限制，可对任意相位差信号进行准确地细分，降低了条纹测量中器件安装与调试的难度，具有更强的环境适应性和抗干扰能力。     

Cationic Lanthanide Luminescent Copolymer: Design,Synthesis and Interaction with DNA

Polymerizable rare earth complex Eu(AA)₃Phen was synthesized by complexion of europium ion, acrylic acid (AA), and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen). The structure and fluorescence properties of the complex were studied by elemental analysis, ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Eu-containing copolymer poly(PEGMA-co-MMA-co-METAC-co-Eu(AA)₃Phen) (PPMMEu) was then synthesized by free radical copolymerization of Eu(AA)₃Phen and other functional monomers including poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) and [2-(Methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC). ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the copolymer and the interactions between the copolymer and DNA was investigated by TEM, fluorescence spectroscopy, and agarose gel electrophoresis. The desired luminescent cationic copolymer was successfully obtained. The copolymer can form micelles in water solution and can efficiently bind to DNA molecules through electrostatic interaction. The results suggest the potential use of PPMMEu in bioprobes and gene vectors.     

Surface Modification of Bituminous Coal and Its Effects on Methane Adsorption

This paper studied the role of O‐containing groups over the coal surface in methane adsorption. The coal was modified with H₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ or H₂SO₄/(NH₄)₂S₂O₈), respectively, to introduce O‐containing functional groups, and characterized by proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Boehm titration, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nitrogen adsorption. The results of ultimate analysis, Boehm titration and XPS indicate that there were increases in terms of both the content of oxygen and the quantities of O‐containing groups over the modified coals surface, especially for the carboxyl. Nitrogen adsorption shows that the modified coals possessed higher surface area and pore volume than that of 0‐XQ. The methane adsorption data were measured at 298 K at pressures up to 4.0 MPa by the volumetric method and fitted well by Langmuir model. Experimental results implied that O‐containing groups and pore structure affected methane adsorption. The adsorption capacities decreased as increasing quantities of O‐containing groups.     

Electrochemical Characteristics of Discrete,Uniform, and Monodispersed Hollow Mesoporous Carbon Spheres in Double‐Layered Supercapacitors

Core–shell‐structured mesoporous silica spheres were prepared by using n‐octadecyltrimethoxysilane (C18TMS) as the surfactant. Hollow mesoporous carbon spheres with controllable diameters were fabricated from core–shell‐structured mesoporous silica sphere templates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). By controlling the thickness of the silica shell, hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) with different diameters can be obtained. The use of ethylene as the carbon precursor in the CVD process produces the materials in a single step without the need to remove the surfactant. The mechanism of formation and the role played by the surfactant, C18TMS, are investigated. The materials have large potential in double‐layer supercapacitors, and their electrochemical properties were determined. HCSs with thicker mesoporous shells possess a larger surface area, which in turn increases their electrochemical capacitance. The samples prepared at a lower temperature also exhibit increased capacitance as a result of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) area and larger pore size.