银莲花素晶体结构的精测

银莲花素,C₁₀H₈O₄,是无色透明晶体,属正交晶系,空间群D_2h¹⁵-P2₁/b2₁/c2₁/a,晶胞参数:a=11.063(4),b=11.633(4),c=13.873(4)Å,Z=8。实验结果表明化合物中两不饱和γ-内酯是以螺环形式与环丁烷相连,与光谱结果一致。     

液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱法筛查奶酪中29种禁用和限用合成色素

建立了奶酪样品中29种禁用和限用合成色素的液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC/Q-TOF MS)筛查方法。样品经正己烷-水(3:1, v/v)振荡提取,得到正己烷层、水层和残渣3部分。正己烷层经旋转蒸发浓缩后,用乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1:1, v/v)溶解,经过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化去除油脂。水层经乙腈振荡提取,得到乙腈-水提取液。残渣经氨水-甲醇(1:99, v/v)溶液振荡提取,得到氨水-甲醇提取液。乙腈-水提取液和氨水-甲醇提取液不需净化直接分析。结果表明: 29种不同极性范围的合成色素化合物分别得到了有效的提取,提取回收率为70%～95%。而Q-TOF MS提供的精确质量数定性功能可以将不同种类的合成色素化合物筛查出来,各化合物与精确质量质谱库中化合物的匹配度为59.66～99.47。通过Target MS/MS扫描方式进行定量,得到8种苏丹类化合物的方法检出限为0.4～2.5 μg/kg, 21种水溶性合成色素及染料化合物的检出限为20～80 μg/kg。该方法对禁用和限用合成色素的筛查范围广泛,对含有蛋白质、脂肪等基质的食品具有较好的适用性。     

Novel calcium-alginate capsules with aqueous core and thermo-responsive membrane

Novel calcium-alginate (Ca-alginate) capsules with aqueous core and thermo-responsive membrane are successfully prepared by introducing a co-extrusion minifluidic approach, and the thermo-responsive gating characteristics of Ca-alginate capsule membranes embedded with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microspheres are investigated systematically. The experimental results show that the prepared Ca-alginate capsules are highly monodisperse, and the average diameter and membrane thickness of Ca-alginate capsules are about 2.96 mm and 0.11 mm respectively. The Ca-alginate capsule membranes exhibit desired thermo-responsive gating property. With increasing the content of PNIPAM microspheres embedded in the Ca-alginate capsule membranes, the thermo-responsive gating coefficient of the capsule membranes increases simply. When solute molecules diffuse through the capsule membrane, the thermo-responsive gating coefficient is significantly affected by the molecular weight of solute molecules.     

Amplification of localized surface plasmon resonance signals by a gold nanorod assembly and ultra-sensitive detection of mercury

Controlled assembly of gold nanorods induced by Na(3)PO(4) leads to a significant amplification of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) signals. The strong affinity between Au and Hg alters the coupled LSPR signals due to the amalgamation of Hg and Au. This allows detection of Hg in aqueous solutions with ultra-high sensitivity and excellent selectivity, without sample pretreatment.     

Synthesis and applications of cyano‐vinylene‐based polymers containing cyclopentadithiophene and dithienosilole units for photovoltaic cells

Two β‐cyano‐thiophenevinylene‐based polymers containing cyclopentadithiophene ( CPDT‐CN ) and dithienosilole ( DTS‐CN ) units were synthesized via Stille coupling reaction with Pd(PPh₃)₄ as a catalyst. The effects of the bridged atoms (C and Si) and cyano‐vinylene groups on their thermal, optical, electrochemical, charge transporting, and photovoltaic properties were investigated. Both polymers possessed the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of about ?5.30 eV and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of about ?3.60 eV, and covered broad absorption ranges with narrow optical band gaps (ca. 1.6 eV). The bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell (PSC) devices containing an active layer of electron‐donor polymers ( CPDT‐CN and DTS‐CN ) blended with an electron‐acceptor, that is, [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₆₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₆₁BM) or [6,6]‐phenyl‐C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM), in different weight ratios were explored under 100 mW/cm² of AM 1.5 white‐light illumination. The PSC device based on DTS‐CN: PC₇₁BM (1:2 w/w) exhibited a best power conversion efficiency (PCE) value of 2.25% with V_oc = 0.74 V, J_sc = 8.39 mA/cm², and FF = 0.36. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011.     

激光测微法研究双(对甲苯磺酸)-2,4-已二炔-1,6-二醇酯的固态热聚合

用激光测微法跟踪了双(对甲苯磺酸)-2,4-己二炔-1,6-二醇酯(TS)固态晶相热聚合时宏观尺寸的变化,由此推算TS聚合时晶胞参数的变化。结果表明,在形成聚合物PTS大分子链的c轴方向上一直收缩,而在横向a、b方向上则是先膨胀后收缩。     

Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil of Amethystea caerulea L

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Amethystea caerulea L. was obtained from steam distillation and investigated by GC and GC-MS. The main components of the essential oil were morrilol (25.1%), 4-vinylguaiacol (14.3%) and acetoanisole (14.3%), followed by linalool (6.6%), eugenol (5.8%) and α-caryophyllene (5.2%). The essential oil showed pronounced contact toxicity against Drosophila melanogaster L. and maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.), with LD(50) values of 5.18 and 50.45?μg per adult, respectively. The essential oil also possessed strong fumigant toxicity against the maize weevils with an LC(50) value of 25.39?μg?mL(-1).     

The first barbiturate-bridged manganese(II) polymer: Synthesis,crystal structure,and magnetic properties

Self-assembly of barbituric acid with Mn(II) salt in slightly basic medium generates the first barbiturate-bridged polymer, [Mn(Barb)₂(H₂O)₂] _n (I) (Barb = barbiturate), which was fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, FT-IR, TG-DTA, and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility. In the crystal, the unique octahedral Mn²⁺ ion is periodically linked into a one-dimensional linear chain by pairs of monodentate-bridging Barb anions, which is further aggregated into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture by popular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Additionally, complex I with considerably higher thermal stability displayed weak antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between the Barb-bridged paramagnetic Mn(II) centers.     

基于PCA的变压器故障红外监测应用研究

变压器作为电力系统中非常重要的输变电设备,其运行状况直接影响到整个系统运行的安全水平。根据红外光谱仪所测得信息,通过傅里叶变换可得到各故障特征气体红外吸收信息;依据Lambert-Beer定律并结合所测信息,采用主成分分析法就可以对各故障特征气体进行定性与定量分析,判别当前变压器的运行状况。对于故障运行的电力变压器,及时发现并解除存在的故障或故障隐患对整个系统的安全运行具有重要意义。